The alveoli are the main site of gas exchange in the lungs. They are multifaceted vesicles with openings. The alveoli are thin-walled, with a diameter of about 200-250 microns, and there are about 300-400 million alveoli in adults, with a total area of up to 100 m 2. Alveolar rupture, also called pulmonary perforation, can be caused by tuberculosis, emphysema, etc., or it can be congenital or by trauma (gunshot, stabbing or broken ribs), in addition to long-term drug use, which can also cause pulmonary perforation. There are many causes of alveolar rupture, such as inflammatory reaction, trauma, foreign body into the lung, sudden increase in ambient air pressure, and emphysema, among others. Alveolar rupture occurs more often in tall, thin people. Patients can be found on chest radiographs: lung volume measurement: including tidal volume, compensatory inspiratory volume, compensatory expiratory volume, residual volume, deep inspiratory volume, spirometry, functional residual volume, and total lung volume 8 indicators. Pulmonary ventilation refers to the process of gas exchange between the lungs and the outside atmosphere. During pulmonary ventilation, the lung volume changes accordingly with different respiratory dynamics. The lung volume at different moments is measured to assess the superiority of lung function. Pulmonary perfusion imaging: The agent is 99mTc-labeled large polymerized human serum protein particles (99mTc-MAA) or 99mTc-labeled microspheres with a diameter of about 10-30 μm, and a single dose of 0.5-1.5 mg, which is about 100-300,000 particles. When the reagent is injected into the vein, it enters the right heart with the blood, mixes well with the blood in the right heart, and then is perfused into the vascular bed in the lung via the pulmonary artery with the blood flow, and the larger particles can temporarily embolize the pre-capillary vessels of the lung, while the smaller ones embolize the pulmonary capillaries. The amount of (99mTc-MAA) embolization in the vascular bed of each part of the lung is proportional to the local blood perfusion, so the radioactive distribution image of (99mTc-MAA) embolization in the lung taken by the scanner or γ camera is the image of blood perfusion in the lung, and the higher radioactivity indicates better local blood perfusion, and the lower indicates poorer blood perfusion. Pulmonary ventilation imaging: This is done by inhalation of 99mTc-labeled aerosol or radioactive gas (e.g. 81s krypton) to show the distribution of pulmonary ventilation. It is used clinically to understand the patency of the airway and the ventilation function of various lung diseases, and also to estimate the local lung ventilation function before and after drug or surgical treatment to guide treatment and observe the efficacy, and is often used in conjunction with pulmonary perfusion imaging for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and obstructive lung disease.