Gallstones are the most common disease of the digestive system, discovered in the Western Han Dynasty, and have become more prevalent in China in recent years, with statistics saying that there are about 100 million gallstone patients in China. The main incidence group is middle-aged and elderly people, and the incidence of women is about 2-3 times higher than that of men. The number of young people suffering from gallstones is also on the rise in clinical practice. Bile, gallbladder and biliary tract: Bile is produced by the liver and bile ducts, and is involved in the digestion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, and is also the excretion pathway of many metabolites in the body. Sun Juzheng, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital The bile duct is the channel for bile production, storage and excretion into the intestine. The gallbladder is a cystic organ containing smooth muscle and elastic fibers, which has the function of storing bile, secreting and absorbing bile components, and driving bile to the intestine through contraction movement. It is pear-shaped, about 3-5 cm wide, 7-10 cm long, and has a capacity of about 30-60 ml. The gallbladder and bile duct are closely related to the liver. The causes of cholelithiasis are closely related to people’s age, gender, fatness, lifestyle, diet and genetics, etc. The recognized causes are biliary stasis, bacterial infection and chemical composition change. 1, biliary stagnation: mainly seen in people who eat irregularly, such as long time intravenous nutrition, pregnancy reactions can not eat normally, and people who do not eat breakfast for a long time. 2, bacterial infection: can cause changes in the composition of bile as well as inflammatory secretions, duct wall cell shedding and other formation of stones. 3, bile chemical composition changes: such as hepatitis, hepatic sclerosis and hemolytic disease patients can cause abnormal bile composition triggering gallstones. High cholesterol in the bile of obese people can also form gallstones. Classification: Depending on the location of the stones, there are gallbladder stones, intrahepatic bile duct stones, and common bile duct stones. Secondly, common bile duct stones are less common. Depending on the chemical composition of the stones, they usually include cholesterol stones, bile pigment stones, or a mixture of both. Clinical manifestations: Most patients may be asymptomatic. Typical symptoms include episodes of abdominal pain and acute inflammation. These symptoms are likely to occur or worsen after eating high-fat or fatty foods. If the stone enters the common bile duct, complications such as jaundice, cholangitis and pancreatitis may occur. When the acute attack of cholecystitis occurs, the patient will have pain in the right upper abdomen or epigastrium, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and even fever and jaundice. Hazards: 1. Secondary to acute (chronic) cholecystitis. 2, triggering acute (slow) pancreatitis. 3.Constrictive duodenal papillitis. 4.Biliary peritonitis, bile-intestinal fistula and gallbladder cancer due to gallbladder gangrene perforation. Therefore, it is important to go to a professional and regular hospital if you are found to have gallstone disease. Treatment: There are two major categories of surgical and non-surgical therapies, with their own indications. Non-surgical treatments include lithotripsy with oral bile acids, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, lithotripsy with Chinese medicine and contact lithotripsy with liquid electric lithotripter and laser, etc. The disadvantage is that the stone removal rate is low, the recurrence rate is high, and sometimes the stone is embedded in the common bile duct during lithotripsy, which may lead to obstructive jaundice. The surgical treatment includes traditional open surgery to remove gallbladder, open exploration of bile duct, laparoscopic microincision to remove gallbladder, laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy to remove stones. Professor Qin Mingfang, a famous expert in minimally invasive abdominal surgery at Nankai Hospital, reminds us that gallstones will not disappear on their own and must be treated effectively. At present, the most accurate treatment for gallbladder stones is surgery. The development of medicine and the improvement of surgical methods have made this surgery very safe and less traumatic, such as laparoscopic surgery, and you can be discharged from the hospital in 1~2 days after the surgery. Prevention is the top priority: Dietary regulation is the most ideal prevention method to prevent the occurrence of gallstone disease. 1, food should be a combination of meat and vegetables, moderate intake of protein and fat, increase the fiber content of food, coarse and fine grains with, do not eat or eat less cholesterol-rich food. 2, to promote a good breakfast. 3.Eat vegetable oil properly to facilitate gallbladder contraction and emptying. 4.Less alcohol. 5.Prevent biliary parasitic infections. 6, rich in vitamin A and vitamin C vegetables and fruits, fish and seafood will help to clear the bile and dissolve stones, should eat more. 7, drink a glass of milk every night or eat a fried egg for breakfast, which can make the gallbladder contract and empty at regular intervals and reduce the time of bile in the gallbladder. It is also very important to have a regular life, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, participate in regular physical activities, avoid gaining weight and reduce the number of pregnancies as preventive measures. Be relaxed and pay attention to rest. Long-term family disharmony and moodiness can trigger or aggravate this disease. It is also important to actively treat diseases that may cause gallstones, such as inflammation of the biliary system, hepatitis, fatty liver, hepatic steatosis, hemolytic anemia, obesity and hyperlipidemia. Once poor gallbladder function, abnormal structure, poor bile permeability, bile sludge or bile sand are found, the gallbladder function can be restored and bile sludge, bile sand or thick bile accumulated can be discharged through active and reasonable treatment, so that the pathway of gallstones can be blocked at an early stage.