Urinary stones usually refer to stones in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. They can be composed of calcium salts, urates, and cystine stones. The causes of stones are not yet known. They are usually thought to be related to the hot climate, occupational reasons, and personal constitution. To prevent stone formation, it is important to drink more water (2500 ml/day) and to exercise more. If you have urinary stones, you can be treated under the guidance of a physician, and you can choose from herbal treatment, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, endoscopy, and surgery.
What is urolithiasis?
Urolithiasis is the most common disease of the urinary system and is a type of disease with multiple pathological changes. Its etiology and formation process is extremely complex, involving factors such as social environment, natural environment, racial genetics, dietary habits, metabolic abnormalities, diseases, medication, urinary obstruction, infection, foreign bodies, damage to the kidney and changes in urine.
How can I tell if I have kidney and ureteral stones?
The clinical manifestations of kidney and ureteral stones vary greatly among individuals. The main symptoms of kidney and ureteral stones are pain, hematuria and co-infection. The presence of kidney stones should be considered when a patient is aware of vague or dull pain in the upper abdomen and lower back, especially colic. Sometimes patients may have more obvious hematuria, but most of them have microscopic hematuria. There are also a few patients who have no conscious symptoms for a long time, and when the infection is complicated, they have pus urine and symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency and pain. Therefore, patients should go to the hospital promptly when they develop the above symptoms.
What are the risks of urolithiasis to the urinary system?
Obstruction can cause hydronephrosis. Long-term development of stone obstruction can cause enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces, hydronephrosis, and finally loss of function of the renal cortex. Infected stones combined with infection can cause pyelonephritis, pus accumulation, perinephritis, perinephric abscess, and eventually completely destroy the kidney parenchyma. Injury Stones can directly cause damage to the kidney and bladder. Long-term irritation of the mucosa by stones may cause squamous epithelial carcinoma, such as renal pelvis cancer and bladder cancer. Stones, obstruction and infection are mutually beneficial and form a vicious circle, i.e. stones cause obstruction, obstruction causes infection, and infection causes stones.
What are the treatment options for urolithiasis?
According to the patient’s examination at the time of visit, the following treatment options are recommended by the doctor: medication, which reduces calcium saturation by regulating urine pH and calcium ion binding in the body to prevent and treat stones. Extracorporeal shock wave, which uses high-energy shock waves to crack the stones. Minimally invasive surgical treatment with open surgery. Several methods are often combined for better results.
What are the advances in minimally invasive surgery for urolithiasis?
Minimally invasive surgery is less invasive, faster recovery and safer than traditional open surgery. Ureteroscopy is an extremely precise and thin endoscope, which is sent into the bladder through the urethra and then into the lower, middle and upper ureter, there is no incision for ureteroscopy to remove the stone, so the patient recovers quickly and can be discharged in 2-3 days. Multiple operations. The recovery is fast and the result is good.
How to prevent urolithiasis?
Drink more water, more than 2L per day, tap water, mineral water, lemon juice, orange juice is better, less sweet drinks, cola, coffee and strong tea.
2, protein intake less than 1.0g/kg/day, can consume soy products, dairy products.
3, eat less spinach, bamboo shoots, chocolate, peanuts.
4, can eat more citrus, pineapple, strawberries.
5.Control the intake of sugar.
6, less alcohol, limit salt intake to 10g/day is appropriate.
7, limit fish, poultry, meat, offal food.
8, necessary to take some drugs.