Viral hepatitis B is a worldwide disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). In China, there are about 20 million people with chronic hepatitis B and 93 million hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. For such a popular disease, we know very little about it, and the following summarizes the misconceptions that exist about chronic hepatitis B. Myth #1: The pursuit of a negative hepatitis B virus surface antigen is the dream of many chronic hepatitis B patients. It is true that there are some drugs, such as long-acting interferon, that can help increase the percentage of hepatitis B virus surface antigen conversion, but only a few patients can achieve this goal. Therefore, it is unrealistic for patients to pursue hepatitis B virus surface antigen conversion. Achieving a negative hepatitis B virus surface antigen is like winning a gold medal, and it is nice to win a silver medal. For e antigen-positive patients, this silver medal is achieving e antigen serological conversion (i.e., the disappearance of e antigen and the appearance of e antibody, i.e., major triplet to minor triplet). If e antigen serological conversion is achieved, this indicates that the body’s immune function has recovered and the patient’s risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer in the future will be greatly reduced. Myth 2: Hepatitis B needs lifelong treatment In recent years, as the concept of antiviral treatment has gained popularity, the false propaganda of those who claimed to “cure hepatitis B for a few months” has become less and less marketable. But at the same time, patients seem to have gone to the other extreme, that is, that hepatitis B needs lifelong treatment. Chronic hepatitis B requires long-term treatment, but never lifelong treatment. Lifelong medication is also unreasonable in terms of the long-term benefits to the patient. A reasonable treatment plan should be a limited course of therapy, that is, a period of scientific antiviral treatment that eventually helps patients achieve discontinuation of the medication and that the virus remains continuously suppressed and the disease does not recur after discontinuation. Tebivudine is currently the most advantageous drug for achieving a limited course of treatment strategy. Myth 3: Avoid daily contact with people infected with the hepatitis B virus The hepatitis B virus is transmitted mainly through blood, mother-to-child and sexual transmission. General daily contact, such as eating together or working together, will not transmit the hepatitis B virus. Even if acute hepatitis B occurs in adults, the rate of conversion to chronic hepatitis B is only 5%, so there is no need to be overly nervous. The best way to prevent hepatitis B is still to give normal people who are not yet infected with the hepatitis B virus a full course of hepatitis B vaccine, so that they can produce protective antibodies. Care should be taken to avoid breaking the skin and mucous membranes when in contact with hepatitis B virus carriers. The current strategy of the World Health Organization to promote the prevention of hepatitis B is hepatitis B vaccination for newborns, catch-up vaccination for children and vaccination for high-risk groups. China also requires that infants be vaccinated within 24 hours of birth, the sooner the better. Myth 4: Chronic hepatitis B must be transmitted from mother to child According to statistics, there are 93 million hepatitis B virus carriers in China, some of whom are women of childbearing age. Will a hepatitis B mother give birth to a hepatitis B baby? If the mother is a chronic hepatitis B patient, she should actively receive antiviral treatment and get pregnant after her condition is under control; if the mother is a hepatitis B carrier, she does not need antiviral treatment and can get pregnant, but she should be followed up more closely. Protection of the newborn should be enhanced during delivery, and newborns should be injected with hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine immediately after birth so that their risk of contracting the hepatitis B virus is greatly reduced.