Most pediatric hernias are easy to detect. When a hernia is present, parents will notice a bulge in the child’s groin or scrotum, which usually appears or becomes larger after the child cries, defecates or bounces, and may disappear or become smaller after the child is quiet, sleeping or lying down. Once the swelling fails to shrink and is accompanied by pain, the hernia may have become entrapped, and as the condition progresses, symptoms of intestinal obstruction such as abdominal distention, vomiting, stopping bowel movements, and systemic manifestations such as fever and dehydration may occur. What we usually call pediatric hernia mainly refers to pediatric inguinal hernia, which is one of the most common congenital developmental defects in children, with a higher incidence in premature infants. The reason why a hernia occurs starts during the mother’s pregnancy: in a young boy, for example, the testicles are initially located in the abdominal cavity during fetal growth and development, and as they develop they gradually descend through the inguinal canal (the tube connecting the abdominal cavity to the scrotum) and eventually descend into the scrotum. It follows that the inguinal canal is open for a period of time before the child is born; in a healthy child the inguinal canal is closed after birth and a hernia does not occur; however, if the child’s inguinal canal continues to be open during this time, it can lead to an inguinal hernia. Since the testicles need to reach the bottom of the scrotum and descend later on the right side in males, the ratio of male to female incidence of pediatric hernia is 15:1, and the right side is 6 times higher than the left side.