A. Bruises and cuts
It is inevitable to bump your elbow, break your knee, cut your finger and so on in daily life. More serious wounds can cause infection within a few hours if they are not treated promptly. Proper treatment can reduce the occurrence of complications.
If it is just a bruise or a superficial cut, you can first clean the wound with saline (if the conditions are limited, you can also use water), then rub iodine or iodine on the wound, and then wrap the wound with a band-aid. The band-aid should be opened every 1-2 days for observation, and the wound should be disinfected with iodophor. If the wound is deep and bleeds a lot, press the wound tightly with sterile gauze. If the bleeding does not stop after 5 minutes of pressing the wound, you should go to the hospital for treatment.
When to go to the hospital for emergency treatment
1.Press the wound for more than 5 minutes and the bleeding has not stopped;
2.Bite by animals or people bleeding;
3.Wound is very deep or cut open the mouth;
4.Inserted by glass or metal, stabbed;
5.Do not feel the pain of the wound, it is possible that the nerve of the place has been injured;
6.Wound movement is limited, there may be tendon damage;
7.The wound is red, swollen, hot and painful, with pus, signs of infection.
The need for tetanus injection
Slender wounds punctured by nails and wooden wedges are prone to tetanus bacillus infection. Once infected it may develop into tetanus, which can affect the entire central nervous system, making the muscles cramp and stiff and life-threatening. If the injured person has had a tetanus vaccination within 5 years, a hospital visit for tetanus antitoxin is usually not necessary. If it has been more than 5 years since the last tetanus vaccination or if the injured person has never had a tetanus vaccination, it is recommended to get a tetanus antitoxin injection immediately to prevent any untoward event.
Soft tissue injury
(i) Muscle strain.
Its symptoms are painful and swollen muscles at the injury site, with obvious pressure pain and a feeling of hardness when touched. According to the degree of pain can be inferred from the severity of the injury, the heavier the pain indicates that the heavier the injury.
Once the pain appears should immediately stop exercise. No ice and cold towels, local, let the companion to the nearby kiosk to buy a frozen mineral water (the colder the better) or ice pops, press hard in the painful parts of 5-10 minutes after taking away a moment, and then pressure compress up, so that the injured person is not too much pain, so constantly continue to maintain 30 minutes. This is done to reduce local congestion and edema, which can reduce the degree of swelling of the skin the next day.
Early muscle strains are not recommended for immediate medication, after the above ice pressure treatment, 24-48 hours later you can apply local safflower oil and other blood-boosting drugs.
(ii) Contusion.
Contusions are mostly seen in all types of bruises in life. The temporary treatment of mild contusions is the same as muscle strains, taking the method of cold compresses with ice. But many of us have a habit of being hit with the hand constantly rubbing the bruised parts, or even using hot towels, which is wrong. This blood “heat treatment” should be in 24 hours later. Applying hot compresses too early can cause bruising to seep out. In the first day after the contusion occurs, should be cold compress, the next day before changing to hot compress, you can use the blood to resolve the bruises drugs (such as safflower oil), about a week after the basic recovery. More serious contusions should be dealt with in a timely manner to the hospital.
(iii) sprains.
Foot sprain is the most common type of foot sprain, mild fracture is only soft tissue damage, slightly heavier may be the outer ankle or the fifth metatarsal base fracture, and then heavier may be the inner and outer ankle double ankle fracture, or even cause three ankle fracture. If the injury is mild, you can deal with it by yourself, but if it is severe, you must go to the hospital to ask a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
Generally speaking, if the pain is not severe when you move your ankle, you can barely stand with weight and walk; if the pain is not on the bone but on the tendon, most of them are sprains and can be dealt with by yourself. If you have severe pain when you move your ankle, cannot stand and move with weight, the pain is on the bone, or you feel the sound inside your foot when you sprain it, and swelling appears quickly after the injury, especially the pressure point is on the bone in the middle of the high projection of the outer ankle or outer foot surface, that is the performance of serious injury, and you should go to the hospital immediately.
The correct use of hot and cold compresses: hot and cold compresses are both physical therapy, but the role is very different. The blood will live with heat, but will coagulate with cold. Therefore, in the ruptured blood vessel is still bleeding when the cold compress, in order to control the development of the injury. After the bleeding stops, hot compresses can be applied to dissipate the blood stasis around the injury.