Meningitis is an infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by pathogenic microorganisms that invade the soft meninges and arachnoid membranes of the central nervous system, and is treated by selecting sensitive drugs for the causative microorganisms. The common pathogenic microorganisms of meningitis are viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc. The common viruses are enterovirus, mumps virus, herpes simplex virus and adenovirus; the common bacteria are meningococcus, pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc.; the common fungi are Cryptococcus novelis and Aspergillus, etc. Viral meningitis is a benign infectious disease with a short course, no sequelae and a good prognosis. Treatment is mainly symptomatic and prevention of complications, and antiviral drugs may be given as appropriate. The principle of treatment for bacterial meningitis is to use antibiotics as early as possible, usually broad-spectrum antibiotics before identifying the causative organism, and antibiotics that are sensitive to the causative organism should be used after identifying the causative organism; hormones can be applied in appropriate amounts to inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and reduce meningeal adhesions, while paying attention to the prevention and control of infectious shock. Fungal meningitis should be treated with antifungal therapy, paying attention to the combination of drugs and multiple routes of administration, and the application of Chinese medicine to observe the adverse reactions of patients. Tuberculous meningitis requires anti-tuberculosis treatment with a longer course, usually requiring 1 year. In addition to the treatment of meningitis, symptomatic treatment is also very important. Meningitis patients mostly have cerebral edema, elevated cranial pressure, and even cerebral herniation and other acute conditions, which require rapid static dehydration with mannitol to lower cranial pressure. The early clinical manifestations of meningitis vary due to the different pathogenic microorganisms, but the disease is often more aggressive and requires early diagnosis and active treatment to avoid serious sequelae.