For various causes of airway obstruction or lower airway secretion retention, tracheotomy is widely used in clinical practice because it can effectively open the airway, improve symptoms, and facilitate the next step of treatment. Tracheotomy is performed by surgically separating the skin, subcutaneous, anterior cervical muscles and thyroid gland, exposing the cartilaginous rings of the trachea, generally creating a fistula in 2-4 tracheal rings, and placing a tracheal cannula in the fistula to open the lower airway. Complications such as bleeding, local or pulmonary infection, subcutaneous emphysema or mediastinal emphysema, and pneumothorax can occur after tracheotomy. Therefore, for patients with tracheotomy, postoperative care is a continuous, meticulous, and multi-person cooperative process, and good postoperative care is beneficial to patient recovery, alleviating pulmonary infection, avoiding dry crust formation in the tracheal cannula, and avoiding airway obstruction. Tracheal tube care: 1. Prevention of detubation: early tracheotomy should be strengthened to observe, keep the incision dressing and surrounding skin clean and dry, and after tracheotomy the tethered band must be knotted dead buckle and properly fixed to accommodate a finger, so as not to affect breathing too tightly and take off too loosely. 2.Balloon care: To prevent postoperative wound bleeding into the lungs, the balloon should be inflated within 72 hours after surgery, and the degree of inflation should be elastic (such as touching the lips of the mouth), generally 8-10 ml. If it is not a high volume low pressure balloon, it should also be deflated or pressure adjusted intermittently to avoid long-term compression causing tracheal mucosal damage. If there is no need for mechanical ventilation, the balloon does not need to be inflated after 72 hours to facilitate breathing; when eating or nasal feeding, the balloon should be inflated and given a semi-recumbent position for 30-60 min to prevent food from accidentally entering the trachea. 3, airway humidification: under normal circumstances, after the air through the nasal cavity reaches the lungs, the air humidity can reach 98%, while for patients with tracheotomy, as much as 1000ml of water evaporates directly from the tracheal cannula during breathing every day, and the inner wall of the tracheal cannula tends to form dry crusts, so airway humidification should be strengthened. The number and amount of saline drops can be increased from 2 ml every 4 hours to 3 ml every 2 hours, or nebulized inhalation from every 6 hours to every 4 hours, depending on the viscosity of the sputum. The airway humidity can also be improved by covering the mouth of the tracheal tube with wet gauze or using an artificial nose. It is also mentioned in the literature that 24-hour continuous nebulization and spray therapy to moisten the airway throughout the day can also achieve good results. 4. Replace the endotracheal tube: The endotracheal tube should be removed gently and in the direction of the bending of the tracheal tube to avoid stimulating the airway and causing the patient to cough violently. If there is a large amount of sputum crust blockage causing respiratory distress in patients, manifesting as inspiratory dyspnea with obvious sputum sounds, the endotracheal tube can be removed in time, and the endotracheal point of sodium bicarbonate solution and sputum aspiration can improve the symptoms. Some studies have shown that routine disinfection at an interval of 8 hours is more reasonable and improves patient sleep quality and treatment satisfaction without increasing the rate of secretion and pulmonary infection in patients compared with disinfection at an interval of 6 hours. In addition, the correct method of aspiration can also reduce mucosal damage to the endotracheal wall and reduce lung infection and local dry crust formation. Health care workers should also strengthen their own protection during operation to avoid medical-derived infections. The clinical use of tracheotomy routine care card can implement tracheotomy routine care effectively and timely to avoid the formation of sputum crusts that endanger patients’ lives.