Cervical spondylosis] Cervical spondylosis is caused by degeneration of the joints, ligaments, discs and other tissues of the cervical vertebrae, which irritates or compresses the surrounding nerves, blood vessels and spinal cord, resulting in neck pain accompanied by numbness and dizziness of the upper extremities, and severe incontinence and paraplegia can be seen, so the prevention and treatment of cervical spondylosis is important. Dietary guidance: 1. Pay attention to the intake of food with high nutritional value, such as soybean products, lean meat, grains, kelp, seaweed, fungus, fruits, vegetables, etc. to achieve the purpose of strengthening the body. In particular, we should eat more foods rich in vitamin C, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, in order to enhance the patient’s immunity and anti-aging effect, which is beneficial in preventing the further development of cervical spondylosis. Chinese medicine believes that walnuts, mountain short meat, raw land, black sesame and so on have the function of tonifying the kidney and marrow, and a small amount of reasonable consumption can play the role of strengthening the muscles and bones and delaying the degeneration of the joints. Daily life guidance: 1. This disease is old and weak degeneration is the root of the neck cold, trauma, the same position for too long (such as long-term pillow high pillow, low head, tilting the head to work), in addition to suffer from laryngitis and so on can be triggered by cervical spondylosis, it should be active in preventing triggering factors, and timely elimination of the inflammation of the pharynx. If the long-term low head workers, should be half an hour to move the neck once, to prevent the sudden turn back or neck force too much, usually do not play high sleep in the car, to prevent emergency braking caused by the neck whiplash. 2. the patient should lie flat, the pillow should be soft, breathable, plastic, not too high and too low, about 250px high is good, soft and hard, the shape of the middle of the low end of the high Yuanbao-shaped is good, avoid sleeping on a spring bed. 3, to combine work and rest, should not work for a long time, should not be leaning on the bed to read books and watch TV, should not lie down, to prevent strong muscle strain. 4, often with hot towels, hot water bags in the affected area for warm compresses, but also can often take a hot bath. Pay attention to the neck and shoulder to keep warm in the cold season, avoid wind and cold. 5. 5. If traction is needed, the weight should be from light to heavy, the time should be from short to long, and the speed of lifting and lowering should not be too fast, and if there are changes in blood pressure and pulse, the amount should be reduced or suspended. 6. 6. If self-massage is needed, proper attention should be paid to it, and it should be done consistently, avoiding roughness to avoid accidents or accelerating the development of the disease. 7. To prevent trauma, prevent falling, flopping, twisting, flashing; do not blindly do cervical spine exercises to prevent joint dislocation, muscle sprains. Cerebral infarction is a general term for ischemic stroke, including cerebral thrombosis, lacunar infarction and cerebral embolism, etc. It accounts for about 70% of all strokes, and it is a cerebral lesion caused by cerebral blood supply disorder. Cerebral infarction is due to the sudden reduction or cessation of blood flow in the arteries supplying blood to the brain tissue, resulting in ischemia and hypoxia of the brain tissue in the area supplied by this blood vessel, leading to necrosis and softening of the brain tissue, accompanied by clinical symptoms and signs in the corresponding parts of the brain tissue, such as hemiplegia, aphasia and other neurological deficits. 1. The living room should be quiet and comfortable, keep the air fresh and ventilate regularly. Sunlight should be sufficient and the temperature should be 20℃～22℃. The humidity should be 40%～50%. 2. Diet should be low in salt, low in fat, moderate in carbohydrates and rich in vitamins. Choose vegetable fats and oils, more boiled, steamed, cold, roasted, baked, brined, stewed and other ways of cooking; prohibit fat, offal, fish eggs, cream and other cholesterol-rich foods; can choose less fat content of fish, skinless chicken, etc.; whole eggs can be eaten 1-2 per week. Milk and its products, grains and roots, meat, fish, beans and eggs, vegetables, fruits and oils and fats and other six categories of food, it is advisable to take a variety of intake, in order to fully obtain a variety of nutrients. Eating more fiber-rich foods, such as vegetables, fruits, brown rice, whole grains and beans, can help defecation, prevent constipation, stabilize blood sugar and lower blood cholesterol. Stop smoking and drinking alcohol in daily life, and drink tea appropriately. 3. For hypertensive patients, blood pressure should be controlled at a reasonable level. Because blood pressure is too high, easy to make the brain microvascular tumor and atherosclerosis of small artery rupture bleeding; and blood pressure is too low, brain blood supply is incomplete, microcirculation stagnation, easy to form cerebral infarction. Therefore, it should be prevented from various factors that cause sudden decrease of blood pressure, slow cerebral blood flow, increase of blood viscosity, and increase of blood coagulability. Patients with high blood pressure who take antihypertensive drugs should take the drugs on time, and should not take many kinds of antihypertensive drugs or stop or change the drugs on their own, but must change the drugs under the guidance of physicians. 4. Appropriate and moderate physical exercise and physical activities should be carried out, such as walking, soft gymnastics, playing tai chi and other aerobic exercises. However, they should be chosen according to the individual’s physical condition and should not be overdone to the extent that they are not overly fatiguing. 5. When there is a sudden change in temperature, barometric pressure and temperature change, the middle-aged and the elderly, especially those who are weak and sickly, most of them do not adapt to the disease, especially in the cold and summer when the elderly have poor adaptive ability, reduced immunity, morbidity and mortality are higher than usual, so we should be especially careful. 6. Pay attention to the aura of cerebrovascular disease in time, such as sudden numbness of one side of the face or upper and lower limbs, weakness, crooked mouth, drooling; sudden dizziness, shaking; transient confusion or drowsiness. 7. Risk factor control: high blood pressure, high blood fat, diabetes, heart disease. 8. Maintain a relaxed mood, avoid excessive excitement, agitation, irritability, anxiety and other adverse emotions that can aggravate the progress of the disease, in order to prevent the disease from recurring, and always set up confidence in overcoming diseases. 9. Regularly come to the hospital for rechecking blood pressure, blood routine, blood lipid analysis, blood biochemistry, craniocerebral CT, limb and language recovery. Insufficient blood supply to the brain] Insufficient blood supply to the brain refers to the insufficiency of blood supply to a certain part of the brain, which leads to the impairment of brain function. The cause of cerebral blood supply insufficiency is related to cerebral arteriosclerosis. The main causes are: (1) the main reason is: because of the cervical atlantoaxial joints and cervical 5 cervical 6 joints dislocation, stimulation of the vertebral artery caused by arterial luminal narrowing or vasospasm, through the blood flow is small, resulting in the supply of the brain area of the occurrence of insufficient blood supply; (2) hemodynamic disorders, when the blood pressure is lowered, the cardiac output decreased when the cerebral tissue of blood supply is insufficient; (3) some causes of the increase in the viscosity of the blood, blood, slow and changes in blood composition, and the blood supply is insufficient. slow and changes in blood composition, can also occur and insufficient blood supply; (4) micro-thrombosis, micro-thrombosis, i.e., arterial atherosclerosis of the plate detachment, the formation of micro-embolism in the blood flow, with the flow of blood to the small arteries and blockage of the blood vessels, then the brain will appear in localized insufficient blood supply. 1. Timely treatment: mainly to improve cerebral blood circulation. Vasodilator drugs and ginkgo biloba preparations can be used under the guidance of doctors. 2. Early prevention: the prevention and treatment of cerebral blood supply insufficiency focuses on cerebral blood vessels, especially the increase of blood lipids and low-density lipoprotein should be treated symptomatically. 3. Reasonable diet: usually eat more fresh vegetables (such as onions, tomatoes, etc.), fruits, fish, black fungus, a small amount of vinegar, dry red wine, etc., which can play the role of antioxidant and delay the occurrence of cerebral atherosclerosis. 4. Appropriate outdoor activities: such as brisk walking, jogging, walking, etc., 30-40 minutes each time, at least 5 days a week, or playing tai chi, fishing, hiking and so on. 5. Maintain a good state of mind and healthy brain: usually watch TV, newspapers; do some manual labor or housework; you can also participate in some cultural and sports activities, such as singing, dancing, calligraphy, playing ball games, etc., modulation of temperament, to enhance the brain’s thinking activities; to avoid emotional excitement and excessive fatigue. Insufficient blood supply to the vertebral basilar artery] Insufficient blood supply to the vertebral basilar artery refers to the clinical syndrome caused by the dysfunction of blood supply to the vertebral basilar artery system, which leads to the functional deficits in the inner ear, brainstem, cerebellum and other tissues, and results in dizziness, diplopia, and headache as the main symptoms, and is characterized by one-off episodes or intermittent recurrences. The disease is more common in middle-aged and above, but can also occur in young adults, and is more common in males than females. Its etiology and pathogenesis are mainly due to atherosclerosis of the vertebral basilar artery, narrowing the lumen of the blood vessel, reducing blood supply, or rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque, micro-emboli embolism with the blood flow of intracranial small blood vessels, blood flow interruption. Health education is as follows: 1. When dizziness or vertigo symptoms occur, patients should rest in bed. 2.Keep the patient room quiet, avoid loud noise, so as not to induce and aggravate vertigo, and ensure sleep. Avoid sudden change of body position. When changing body position, the movement should be slow, especially when turning the head, it should be carried out slowly. 4. Put the frequently used items in the place where the patient can easily get them, and teach the patient to use auxiliary equipments, such as handrails and guardrails. Have someone accompany the patient when he/she goes to the toilet, takes a bath or goes out. Ensure that there are no obstacles in the surrounding environment, and pay attention to the floor to be non-slip to prevent falls. 5.Avoid sleeping in prone position, the pillow should not be too high, too hard or too flat. 6.Avoid and reduce acute injuries, such as avoid lifting creatures, do not tighten the emergency brake. 7.Prevent wind-cold, dampness, avoid midnight, early morning bath or by wind-cold blowing. Wind and cold make the local vasoconstriction, blood flow is reduced, hindering the metabolism of the tissue and waste removal, dampness hinders the skin evaporation. 8, active treatment of local infections and other diseases. 9, change the bad posture, reduce strain, low head or tilt the head 1~2 hours a day, should be appropriate neck activities to reduce muscle tension. 10, low-salt, low-fat, low-sugar diet, eat more high-vitamin nutritious food, keep bowel movement, avoid spicy and stimulating food. Cerebral arteriosclerosis is the common pathological basis of hemorrhagic and ischemic vascular disease, therefore, it should be actively prevented and treated. However, there is still a lack of effective treatment for it, and it can only reduce the symptoms by correcting the fat metabolism disorder, expanding the cerebral blood vessels, and improving the blood circulation of the brain. Health education 1. Attention should be paid to strengthening physical strength and physical exercise. Physical exercise is conducive to improving blood circulation, promoting the consumption of lipids, reducing the deposition of lipids in blood vessels, increasing the activity of fibrinolytic enzymes and reducing body weight, therefore, we should insist on housework and physical exercise within our capacity. For those who have intellectual disability, mental disability and limb activity inconvenience, care should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of accidents. 2.Attention to diet control. Mainly, the intake of high cholesterol and high fat diet should be limited to reduce the deposition of lipid substances in blood vessels. Such as limiting fatty meat, lard, egg yolk, fish roe and animal offal and other food intake, but also pay attention to avoid high sugar diet, because high sugar diet will also cause fat metabolism disorders. You should eat more soy products, vegetables, fruits and foods with more fiber. Vegetable oil is the main edible oil. Diet should be light, do not eat too full, it is best to quit smoking and avoid alcohol. 3.Drug treatment. The purpose is to reduce the lipid concentration of blood, dilate blood vessels, improve blood circulation, activate brain cells, etc. Inositol nicotinate, Doenkang, Lipitor, Fenofibrate, etc. can be used to reduce the concentration of blood lipids. Vasodilator drugs can be used to choose cerebral ezine, nimodipine, flunarizine and other calcium ion antagonists. Amino acid, cerebral fusion, Xide Zhen, cerebral viability, etc., have the effect of activating nerve cells, and can also be used appropriately. Cerebral hemorrhage] It refers to bleeding in the brain caused by rupture of small arteries and capillaries in the brain. Hypertension and arteriosclerosis are the most common causes of cerebral hemorrhage. The onset of hemorrhage occurs when the patient is agitated, has a hard bowel movement, or is tired. Prodromal symptoms: hypertension-induced cerebral hemorrhage often has no premonition before the onset of the disease, and a few patients may have precursor symptoms such as difficulty in speaking, slurred speech, numbness and weakness of one side of the limbs, dizziness, headache, and so on, which should be paid attention to and seek medical treatment as soon as possible. 1, absolute bed rest for 4-6 weeks, the specific bed time depends on the condition, the head placed ice packs cold compresses to reduce brain cell metabolism, is conducive to hemostasis, but should prevent local frostbite. (1) comatose: a take off the clothes, take the side lying position, head elevated 15-30 degrees to make the mouth angle down, conducive to the oral cavity and respiratory secretion natural drainage, to prevent accidental suction. b every 1-2 hours or so the side lying position alternately change, change the position, pay attention to the protection of the head, to avoid violent vibration, at the same time to avoid taking off, pulling, pushing the patient, so as to avoid damage to the skin, every time after turning over to massage the skin of the pressure place, promote local circulation, prevent pressure ulcers. c retention of sores. After each turn, massage the skin at the pressure point to promote local circulation and prevent pressure sores.c When turning the patient with indwelling urinary catheterization, attention should be paid to not make the urinary catheter twisted and folded to keep the drainage smooth, and disinfect the urethral opening every day to prevent infections.d Twenty-four hours after the onset of the disease, the patient should be buckled on the back when turning over in the order of from the bottom to the top, and from the outside to the inside, which is conducive to phlegm drainage to prevent lung infections.e Those who have dentures should be taken off, brushed clean and soaked with cold water. (2) Those who are less conscious should also take absolute bed rest and be taken care of by others. Do deep breathing every morning to cough out the secretions in the respiratory tract, but do not cough too hard. 2.Keep the room quiet, ventilate the room regularly, reduce the number of visitors, and keep the patient’s mood stable, so as to facilitate the patient’s recuperation and promote the patient’s early recovery. 3, according to work and rest, regular life, ensure sleep, low salt and low fat, high vitamin, high fiber diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, keep bowel movement, defecation, do not force too much, in order to prevent aggravation or cause bleeding again. Comatose patients should be fasted within 3 days after the onset of the disease. 4, when bedridden, keep the limbs in good position, after the vital signs are stabilized, the patient should carry out passive functional exercise of the affected limbs as soon as possible under the guidance of the doctor, in order to prevent muscle atrophy, promote the functional recovery and improve the quality of life. 5.Take medication regularly according to the doctor’s instruction. Mannitol is an intracranial pressure-reducing and dehydrating drug, which must be rapidly administered by intravenous drip in order to exert its effect, and it is usually finished in 30 minutes. This drug has diuretic effect, the patient and family members should be timely for the patient to receive urine. If the infusion limb is found to have localized skin swelling or pain, it should be reported to the medical staff immediately. Patients with cerebral hemorrhage should adopt a healthy lifestyle: low-salt and low-fat diet, avoid emotional excitement and undesirable stimuli, quit smoking and limit alcohol, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, do not suddenly exert oneself too much, ensure sufficient sleep, and adhere to the functional exercise of the limbs, but do not be overly strenuous. Adhere to oral antihypertensive drugs according to the doctor’s prescription and measure blood pressure regularly to keep it at the normal level. Cerebral thrombosis] Cerebral thrombosis is the formation of blood clots on the basis of atherosclerosis and plaque formation in cerebral arteries, and under the conditions of slow blood flow and low blood pressure, the formed fraction of blood adheres to the inner lining of the arteries to form a thrombus, which is called a cerebral thrombus. The main clinical manifestation is hemiplegia. It occurs mostly after the age of 50 and is slightly more common in men than in women. Dietary guidance: Diet should be light, too salty will cause high blood pressure. Eat more high quality protein, such as fish, lean meat, milk, eggs, tofu and soy products. Eat more food rich in vitamin B, C, E, such as fresh vegetables, fruits, soy products, eggs. Eat more foods with more fiber, such as dried bamboo shoots, chili peppers, green beans, shiitake mushrooms, and silver fungus, etc., which can increase bowel movement and avoid dry stools. Drink more water, don’t be afraid to drink water because of mobility problems and fear of urination, which is very unfavorable to cerebral thrombosis treatment. Avoid high-fat, high-calorie food, fatty meat, animal oil, animal offal, fish eggs, etc., and eat less peanuts and other foods containing more fat and high cholesterol; avoid or use less full-fat milk, cream, egg yolks, and; it is not advisable to use deep-frying, stir-frying, barbecue cooking. Eat less sweet drinks, avoid eating too much sauce, salty dishes. Avoid raw, cold, spicy stimulating food: such as white wine, pepper, spicy hot pot, etc., and hot food such as strong tea, mung beans, sheep, dog meat, etc.. Avoid smoking, alcoholism: tobacco can damage the endothelium of blood vessels, and can cause small blood vessel contraction, lumen narrowing, and thus prone to the formation of blood clots; a large number of references to strong alcohol, harmful to the blood vessels. According to the survey, alcoholism is one of the causes of cerebral thrombosis. 2.Rest and activity guidance: in acute stage, bed rest should be taken in flat position, head should not be elevated to prevent the reduction of cerebral blood flow, paralyzed limbs should be given as early as possible to passive movement and massage, to prevent joint contracture and foot drop. Confusion, agitation, combined with psychiatric symptoms of the patient, should be added protection, such as bed rails, accompanied by people, if necessary, give protective restraint, recovery patients should live a regular life, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, to avoid excessive physical and mental fatigue, advocate early functional exercise, active movement of the affected limbs, get out of bed at an early stage of activity, which can strengthen the cardiovascular stress capacity. 3, daily life guidance: (1) adequate drinking water: normal daily water intake should reach 2000~2500 ml, drinking more water is conducive to reducing blood viscosity, reducing the risk of cerebral blood test formation. (2) Weight control: consume excessive fat in the body through exercise to reduce blood lipids and decrease the risk of cerebral stroke. (3) Use drugs with caution: prolonged use of hypnotics, sedatives, anti-psychotics, antiemetics, diuretics, purgatives (such as compound aminopyrine), anti-asthma drugs (such as aminophylline) can increase the chances of cerebral stroke. (4) Avoid sleeping after meals: after meals, blood gathers in the stomach and intestines to help the blood supply of digestive organs, while the blood supply to the brain is relatively reduced, and at the same time, after eating a meal to sleep, the drop in blood pressure, which can make the blood supply to the brain to further reduce the blood flow is slow, easy to form blood clots, so it is best to half an hour after meals. (5) position change should be slow: cerebral thrombosis often occurs at night, especially in the toilet moment, because the night itself is slow blood flow, coupled with get up position change, easy to cause insufficient blood supply to the heart and brain, so the nighttime toilet must be awake, slowly get up, in fact, usually do housework should also pay attention to the position change should not be too fast, so as not to cause ischemia in the brain. (6) Pay attention to the weather changes, too cold and too hot can make the blood viscosity increase, induced stroke, therefore, the temperature change suddenly cold and hot must take corresponding precautions, (7) Emotional conditioning: emotional stability, often keep optimistic, open-minded, happy mood, avoid ecstasy, anger, worry, grief, because long-term mental tension, emotional fluctuations, easy to make the neurohumoral regulation function disorders, caused by the heart and brain Blood circulation disorders and induce in. (8) Quit smoking and drinking: Limit salt intake, no more than 5 grams per day.