Many chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have a progressive decline in lung function even after acute symptoms are controlled, and the rate of decline is greater than the rate of decline in lung function due to aging factors. Moreover, due to the decrease of their own defense and immune function and the influence of various external harmful factors, they often have recurrent attacks and gradually produce various cardiopulmonary complications. It is now recognized that patients with stable COPD, under the guidance of physicians, should perform respiratory function exercises to suit their actual situation, which are beneficial to prevent acute attacks, improve daily activity, restore damaged cardiopulmonary function, prevent or slow down the continued decline of cardiopulmonary function, and prevent or reduce various complications caused by chronic hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention. Due to the busy workload of respiratory physicians in outpatient clinics, it is difficult to provide instruction related to respiratory function exercise to every COPD patient. Moreover, now that spring has returned, most COPD patients are in a stable stage and suitable for respiratory function exercise. Therefore, here is an introduction of how to perform respiratory function exercises for COPD patients. First, abdominal breathing COPD patients often mobilize auxiliary respiratory muscles to participate in the respiratory process due to the downward shift of the diaphragm, reduced contraction efficiency and increased airway resistance and reduced effective compliance of the chest and lungs. Thus, even in quiet situations, the patient’s breathing is often dominated by upper thoracic activity. During acute exacerbations, the role of the supplementary respiratory muscles becomes more pronounced. Such superficial breathing, mainly chest breathing, does not ensure effective pulmonary ventilation, but also tends to cause respiratory muscle tension, increase oxygen consumption, and induce respiratory muscle fatigue. Using diaphragm to do deep and slow breathing (abdominal breathing), changing the unreasonable shallow and rapid breathing with the participation of auxiliary respiratory muscles, is conducive to improving tidal volume, reducing invalid dead space, increasing alveolar ventilation, improving gas distribution, reducing respiratory power consumption and relieving shortness of breath symptoms. Abdominal respiration is a type of breathing that mainly relies on the contraction of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm, and the key is to coordinate the activities of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles in the respiratory movement. During inhalation, the abdominal muscles are relaxed, the diaphragm is contracted and positioned downward, and the abdominal wall is elevated; during exhalation, the abdominal muscles are contracted, the diaphragm is relaxed and returns to its original position, and the abdomen is concave, increasing the tidal volume of exhalation. During respiratory exercise, intercostal muscles as well as auxiliary respiratory muscles are reduced as much as possible to do work, so as to keep them relaxed and rested and reduce energy consumption. Exercise method: according to the condition, exercise can be taken in the lying, sitting or standing position. If you take the recumbent position, the two knees can be padded with soft pillows, so that the semi-flexible, abdominal muscle relaxation. First of all, the whole body muscles should be relaxed, including the tense auxiliary respiratory muscle groups. Since the external manifestation of abdominal breathing is the bulging and sinking of the abdomen, attention should be paid to the activity of the abdomen during breathing. Usually, the left and right hand are placed on the upper abdomen and front chest respectively, so that it is easy to observe the chest and abdominal movement. That is, with one hand pressed on the upper abdomen, when exhaling, the abdomen sinks, and the hand slightly presses harder to further increase the intra-abdominal pressure and prompt the diaphragm to lift up; when inhaling, the upper abdomen counteracts the pressure of the hand and rises slowly. In this way, the patient can understand whether the thoracoabdominal activity meets the requirements by feeling the hand and pay attention to timely correction. Requires resting breathing, inhalation through the nose, exhalation from the mouth, breathing gas should be slow and even, when inhalation can see the upper abdomen bulge; when exhalation can see the abdomen depression, while the thorax keep the minimum activity amplitude or not moving. Gradually extend the exhalation time, so that the ratio of inhalation and exhalation time to 1:2 ~ 3. Initial abdominal breathing exercise, 2 times a day, 10-15 minutes each time. After mastering the action, you can gradually increase the number of times and the time each time. And if the condition allows, in the lying, sitting or standing position and walking, exercise at any time and anywhere, and strive to form an unconscious habit of breathing. Second, shrink lip breathing COPD patients due to repeated airway infections, bronchial wall congestion, edema and fibrous tissue hyperplasia, severe cases of bronchial smooth muscle and elastic fiber structure suffered damage and mechanization. In a few patients, atrophic degeneration of bronchial cartilage can be seen, which is partially replaced by connective tissue. As a result, the airway wall loses its support when the intrathoracic pressure increases, and premature collapse and occlusion of the lumen can occur when the intrathoracic pressure increases rapidly, resulting in alveolar gas retention and reduced expiratory volume, which in turn affects inspiratory volume. The use of lip retraction to exhale slowly can delay the decline in exhalation airflow pressure, improve airway pressure, avoid the dynamic compression of the airway by increasing intrathoracic pressure, shift the isobaric pressure point to the central airway, prevent premature closure of the small airway, make the residual gas in the lungs easier to discharge, help the next inspiration to inhale more fresh air, increase alveolar ventilation, and improve hypoxia. Method: The degree of lip retraction size during exhalation is adjusted by the patient. If the lip reduction is too small, the expiratory resistance will be too large, the expiratory effort will be too great, the expiratory time will be prolonged, and the exhaled air volume will be reduced instead; if the lip reduction is too large, the purpose of preventing premature trapping of the small airway will not be achieved. The size of the lip reduction mouth shape and exhalation flow, to make 15-20cm from the lips of the mouth candle flame with the airflow tilt, not to extinguish as moderate. Strictly speaking, lip reduction exhalation is an integral part of abdominal breathing, requiring the combination of lip reduction exhalation and abdominal breathing exercise. The mechanism of lip reduction exhalation to improve gas exchange has not been fully elucidated, and may be related to the following factors: 1, reduced respiratory frequency increased tidal volume, reduced dead space repetitive breathing, and enhanced respiratory efficiency; 2, increased pressure in the airway, which prevents dynamic trapping of the airway, facilitates alveolar gas expulsion, and improves ventilation/blood flow ratio imbalance; 3, reduced functional residual gas volume, thus reducing the functional residual gas volume on the inhaled fresh gas dilution, increase the partial pressure of alveolar oxygen and decrease the partial pressure of alveolar carbon dioxide, thus improving gas exchange. Third, the whole body respiratory gymnastics exercises on the basis of the above abdominal breathing exercises, the whole body respiratory gymnastics exercises, that is, abdominal breathing and chest expansion, bending, squatting and other actions combined together, to further improve lung function and enhance the role of physical strength. Method: can be lying, sitting or standing position, the specific steps are as follows: the first section: long breathing. Body upright, the whole body muscles relaxed, inhale through the nose, mouth exhale. First practice deep and long exhalation, until the gas exhaled, and then natural inhalation, the ratio of exhale to inhale time is 2:1 or 3:1, to not dizzy as the degree, the breathing rate to about 16 times per minute is appropriate. The second section: abdominal breathing. Upright position, one hand on the chest, one hand on the abdomen, do abdominal breathing. Inhale the best efforts to hold the abdomen, the chest does not move, exhale when the abdominal muscles slowly active contraction, in order to increase intra-abdominal pressure, in favor of the diaphragm up, the gas slowly exhaled. Breathing should be rhythmic. The third section: power breathing. With exhalation and inhalation to do two arms down and up. Section 4: chest breathing. Upright position, two arms crossed in front of the chest compression of the chest, the body leaned forward and exhaled; two arms gradually raised, expanding the chest, inhalation. Section 5: abdominal breathing. Upright position, hands crossed, thumbs facing back, the remaining four fingers pressed in the upper abdomen, the body leaned forward and exhaled, the two arms slowly up and inhaled. Section 6: squat breathing. Upright position, feet together, the body leaned forward to squat, both hands holding the knees and exhale, and inhale when restored. Section 7: bending breathing. Take the upright position, arms crossed in front of the abdomen, exhale when bending forward, the upper body to restore the two arms to the side of the inhalation. Section 8: walking breathing. Take two steps and breathe in once, then take five steps and breathe out once. Each section above breathes naturally for 30 seconds. The number of exercises and time should be based on the specific circumstances of the patient, in accordance with the principle of gradual progress.