The basic principle of treatment for children with kidney disease is to use hormones to induce remission as soon as the diagnosis is made, and to do a good job of home care to prevent the disease from recurring. However, since long-term treatment with large doses of hormones is prone to side effects, it is necessary to use the medication reasonably under the guidance of a specialist to reduce the side effects as much as possible so that the child can recover early. Hormone therapy should follow the following principles: 1. The initial amount should be sufficient The efficacy of hormone therapy for nephrotic syndrome has a certain relationship with the dose. In newly diagnosed cases, the initial treatment phase should strive to induce the conversion of urine protein to negative as soon as possible, and the starting dose should be large enough. Only then can rapid symptom relief be induced. The hormone is usually prednisone 1.5 to 2 mg per kg body weight per person. The maximum amount should not exceed 6O mg per person per day. Early in the morning to take a meal is good. 2, reduce the drug to slow in order to prevent relapse. Parents should not reduce the dosage of hormone or stop the drug after the urine protein of hormone treated patients turns negative, but must gradually reduce the dosage of hormone under the guidance of nephrologist. Generally, after the urine protein turns negative, the hormone therapy is continued for 2 weeks, and the full dose is usually not less than 4 weeks and up to 8 weeks. During the consolidation maintenance phase, in order to reduce the side effects of drugs. The dose can be 2 mg per kg of body weight every other day, preferably in a single dose in the early morning, followed by 4 weeks, and gradually reduced depending on the urinary routine – recovery. Generally, the dosage is reduced every 2-4 weeks. Each time the dose is reduced by 2.5~5 mg to prevent relapse. 3, maintenance should be long The course of hormone therapy has a short course. Medium course and long course. Short course is hormone therapy for 8 weeks: medium course is hormone therapy for 4-6 months: long course is hormone therapy for 9-12 months The advantage of short course therapy is less hormone side effects, the disadvantage is easy to relapse, the domestic use is rare. At present, the long course therapy is usually used in China, that is, hormones are used to maintain a relatively long treatment time. The advantage of consolidating the efficacy is that there are fewer relapses, but there are more side effects. 4. Observe the efficacy and side effects Pay attention to the change of urine protein during hormone therapy. The recovery of daily urine plasma protein, etc. Because of the long-term use of hormones in supraphysiological doses, side effects are likely to occur. Therefore, close observation should be made. For example, changes in blood pressure, body weight, etc. Be alert for the spread of infection and latent lesions. Follow the doctor’s instructions to supplement calcium in time to avoid osteoporosis or hand and foot convulsions. The changes in posture caused by drugs can recover on their own after stopping the drugs, so the family does not need to worry a lot. After discharge from the hospital, regular follow-up visits to the nephrology clinic should be made. Review. Gradually reduce the dose. Never stop the medication suddenly without permission. The longer the medication is used, the slower the rate of reduction should be, in order to avoid relapse. 5, relapse prevention Kidney disease in the treatment process is often prone to relapse. Relapse is mainly related to infection, the most common infection is respiratory infection, including pneumonia, followed by peritonitis, and even sepsis in severe cases. Therefore, the child should not go to places where there are many people, and the bedroom should be ventilated. Avoid cross-infection. All kinds of vaccination should be postponed until 2 years after the complete remission of renal disease. For refractory nephropathy, such as hormone therapy resistance (prednisone regular treatment is not effective for 8 weeks), frequent relapses (2 relapses within 6 months after the initial effective treatment with prednisone, or more than 3 relapses within 1 year), hormone dependence (relapse or recurrence within 14 days after stopping hormone or reducing dose, and more than 2 repetitions), intravenous shock therapy with cyclophosphamide, shock therapy with methylhydrogenated prednisone, cyclosporine A and anticoagulation therapy, etc.