What are the contraindications of diet for kidney patients
A proper diet for kidney patients plays a very important role in the recovery of the disease. What do kidney patients eat? How much is appropriate to eat? This can not be said in one sentence. It is necessary to make a plan for each person according to the type of disease and the severity of the disease.
1.Can kidney patients eat salt and alkali? We normal adults consume about 5-6 grams of salt per day, some areas eat salt to 12 grams per person per day, salt is sodium chloride, alkali is sodium carbonate, soda is sodium bicarbonate, eating too much salt and alkali containing sodium, it is easy to make water retention in the body, inducing edema, so for patients with renal edema should control the amount of salt and alkali intake, each person into the salt 2-3 grams of salt per person is a low-salt diet. Salt-free diet is also unscientific, and it is easy to be weak and dizzy after a long time. With the improvement of the disease, sodium can be gradually increased, without the use of antihypertensive drugs blood pressure in the normal range and edema subsided when the normal intake of sodium.
2.How much water should kidney patients drink? Normal urine volume is generally 1-2 kg a day, acute nephritis, acute renal failure oliguric period and nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure with oliguric swelling patients, to control the amount of water intake. Because drink in not out, water retention in the body to aggravate edema, but also easy to aggravate hypertension, the amount of water into the urine plus 500 ml is appropriate. The amount of water intake can be relaxed after the increase of urine volume. The amount of water intake for patients with normal urine volume is not limited. In addition, patients with urinary tract infections such as acute pyelonephritis, urethritis, cystitis, etc., in addition to timely consultation and medication, more water, more urination is very beneficial to the recovery of the disease.
3, can kidney patients eat fish, shrimp, eggs, meat food? Fish and shrimp food, some kidney patients consciously do not eat, think it is not good for the kidney, in fact, such food is high-quality protein, in allergic diseases such as allergic purpura, purpura nephritis due to suspected allergies to heterogeneous proteins or a history of fish and shrimp allergy must be used with caution, generally do not need to be contraindicated. Fish, shrimp, eggs, meat food rich in animal protein, is the body’s cells, tissues, the main building material, very important to the human body, after eating protein-containing food liver decomposition, kidney excretion, so when the kidney function is reduced, to reduce the amount of protein intake to meet the body’s metabolic nutritional needs, but also does not increase the burden on the kidneys as the principle. Some patients do not dare to eat protein because their kidney disease is not serious, or do not care when their condition requires protein restriction is not correct. For protein intake should be adjusted according to different disease conditions and different stages of the disease, such as urine protein less than 1g per day, can not limit protein intake (including vegetable protein), urine protein greater than 1g per day should be based on high quality protein, it should be noted that it is difficult to control the large amount of proteinuria should be appropriate to low protein diet.
4, some kidney patients have a long course of disease, slow recovery, often discuss each other, exchange information, experience. It should be noted that each person has their own characteristics, do not follow each other’s example.
5, do not overeat, do not eat unclean food.
2 kidney disease dietary contraindications
1, it is appropriate to eat light and easy to digest food, avoid seafood, beef, mutton, spicy and stimulating food, wine and all hairy things such as: five spices, coffee, cilantro, etc.; especially patients with yin deficiency such as: red tongue, large pulse, night sweats, dry stools, hematuria, etc.; but patients with yang deficiency such as: light tongue with white coating, sunken pulse, cold body and cold limbs, thin stools, can eat hot food.
2, it is appropriate to eat fresh vegetables and appropriate amount of fruit, appropriate water; avoid all tonic, tonic and easy to fire food such as: chili, litchi, chocolate, etc.. Especially for patients with Yin deficiency and internal heat such as purple tongue, stagnant pulse, chest tightness, abdominal distension and other stasis.
3, all patients with nephropathy are prohibited neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, guanfacine and autoimmune injections.
4, uremic patients to keep bowel movements, should be 2∽3 times a day, do not stay up late, abstain from sex, pay attention to rest, avoid cold.
5, has taken hormones, should be under the guidance of a physician to reduce the amount and number of hormones according to the specific circumstances.
6.People with heavy edema should avoid salt, limit the amount of protein food and drink less water. If edema is not heavy, low-sodium salt diet is allowed; no edema, no restriction of water and protein food intake; those with microscopic hematuria and those who should be on fire should drink more water, eat more apples, sugar, black sesame, fungus and other foods that nourish Yin and lower fire.
7, uremic patients with high blood potassium should not eat high potassium foods such as: bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkins, tea, soy sauce, MSG; patients with low blood potassium on the contrary.
8.Patients with high blood uric acid especially avoid eating animal offal, fish, shrimp, crab and mussels, beer, mushrooms, beans and spinach.
9, during the treatment period, if there is a cold, fever, infection, and other conditions arise, contact with the specialist in case of emergency, so as to provide timely treatment and avoid aggravation of complications.
3 diet for patients with kidney disease
1, the diet should be eaten lighter, avoid alcohol and spicy food, eat less greasy and animal protein containing meat and fishy food (such as fatty meat, shrimp, crab, etc.)
2, avoid eating beans and their products (such as tofu, bean sprouts, bean flour, etc.)
3, with edema, hypertension, heart failure, should eat less salt or salt-free diet.
4, renal insufficiency, uremic patients should pay special attention to.
① Forbidden to eat beans and their products, less nuts (such as: walnuts, chestnuts, almonds, etc.) and pickled foods (such as pickles, sauces, etc.).
The amount of high protein (such as lean meat, milk, eggs, etc.) consumed daily should be controlled. According to the condition of each patient, generally about 2-3 taels per day for adults, and divided into 3-5 times.
③The kidney drainage capacity is limited during renal failure and water intake needs to be controlled. It is recommended to calculate according to the formula: water intake = total urine volume of the previous day + 500-800 ml.
④In order to enable creatinine and urea nitrogen to be excreted more, it is necessary to make the bowels and stools flow smoothly, and the stools should rather be two or three times a day instead of once every two or three days. Winter melon, watermelon, gourd can diuretic, red bean soup, black bean soup, mung bean soup, put sugar to drink, clear heat and diuretic. Honey, banana, pear, radish, pecan meat, black sesame, can laxative, all these foods can be used regularly with medicine.
Diet for patients with multiple kidney diseases
1, nephrotic syndrome: patients with nephrotic syndrome are often accompanied by gastrointestinal mucosal edema and ascites, which affects digestion and absorption. It is advisable to have an easy-to-digest, light, semi-liquid diet. Before the late 1980s, a high-protein diet (1.2 to 1.5 g/kg, d) was advocated in an attempt to alleviate hypoproteinemia and the resulting complications. However, animal experiments and human nephropathy have confirmed that a high protein diet, with increased hepatic synthesis of albumin and increased urinary protein excretion, does not help to correct hypoproteinemia, but rather causes glomerular capillary hyperperfusion, high pressure and hyperfiltration, accelerating glomerular noninflammatory sclerosis. Restriction of protein intake may slow the development of chronic renal impairment. Therefore, a high-quality protein diet of 0.7 to 1.0 grams per kilogram of body weight per day is currently advocated.
Almost all patients with this disease have hyperlipidemia, limit the intake of animal fat, and supply rich polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as fish oil) and vegetable oils (soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil) in the diet. Highly edematous patients limit sodium intake, with salt intake less than 3 grams per day and appropriate supplementation of trace elements.
Please note the following dietary principles.
(1) Sodium intake: when edema is present, a low-salt diet should be introduced to avoid aggravating edema, and it is generally appropriate to have a salt intake of no more than 2g per day, prohibit pickled foods, use MSG and alkali sparingly, and resume a normal diet when edema subsides and plasma protein is close to normal.
(2) Protein intake: In nephrotic syndrome, a large amount of plasma protein is excreted from the urine, and the human body is in a protein malnutrition state due to the decrease in protein, and the decrease in plasma colloid osmotic pressure due to hypoproteinemia, resulting in stubborn edema, and the decrease in body resistance. and meat. This helps to alleviate the hypoproteinemia and some of the ensuing comorbidities.
However, a high protein diet can increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, putting glomerular capillaries under high pressure, and also increase urinary protein by consuming large amounts of protein, which can accelerate glomerulosclerosis. Therefore, for chronic, non-polar nephrotic syndrome patients should intake a smaller amount of high-quality protein (0, 7 ~ 1g/kg * d), as for the emergence of chronic renal impairment, it should be a low protein diet (0, 65g/kg * d).
(3) fat intake: patients with nephrotic syndrome often have hyperlipidemia, which can cause arteriosclerosis and glomerular damage, sclerosis, etc. Therefore, the intake of cholesterol-rich and fatty foods such as animal offal, fatty meat, certain seafood should be limited.
(4) Trace element supplementation: due to the increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane in patients with nephrotic syndrome, in addition to the loss of a large amount of protein in the urine, but also the loss of certain trace elements and hormones combined with protein, resulting in the lack of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements, should be given appropriate supplementation. Generally can eat vitamin and trace element-rich vegetables, fruits, grains, seafood, etc. to supplement.
2, diabetic nephropathy: diabetic nephropathy patients on dialysis diet considerations in addition to follow the diabetic nephropathy diet treatment principles, but also must pay attention to the following points:
After dialysis, as the condition improves, appetite increases, the total amount of calories and protein in the diet should be increased appropriately than before dialysis. The amount of protein in the diet after dialysis should be 1~1.2g/kg of body weight per day, 2 eggs, 5OOml of milk, appropriate amount of fish, meat, etc. Because of the large amount of blood loss in hemodialysis, the diet should be supplemented with foods rich in iron and vitamin C. In addition to a low phosphorus diet, aluminum hydroxide can also be added to reduce the absorption of phosphorus. loss, adequate amounts of vitamin B and vitamin C should be given.
In short, research has now proved that low protein, low cholesterol, unsaturated fatty acid diet is very important to protect kidney function, especially in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy should pay attention to dietary therapy.
3, uric acid nephropathy: should drink more water to ensure adequate urine volume (more than 2,000 ml per day); control the intake of purine, take a low purine ridge diet, less than 100 grams of meat per day; and should not eat lentils, spinach, wine, tea, coffee, animal offal, nuts and other animal and plant foods.
4, renal insufficiency: low protein diet is appropriate, try to control the intake of protein. Eat more starch to increase heat.
5, dialysis patients: to ensure adequate nutrition and make up for the loss of dialysis, to ensure positive nitrogen balance; each mouth protein to high-quality protein; family members should prepare a food composition table, as a reference for the selection of food.
6, chronic nephritis: is a group of glomerular diseases caused by a variety of causes. The disease has a long course, many types of disease, and diverse clinical symptoms, which can range from asymptomatic (only abnormalities are found during routine urinalysis) to significant hematuria, proteinuria, swelling, and hypertension. It is because of the many types of the disease and the complexity of the clinical manifestations, so the dietary therapy must be differentiated according to the patient’s kidney function and arranged deftly.
Can kidney disease patients eat soy?
The folk say a lot of things about the diet of kidney patients, it seems to have more restrictions than other system diseases, therefore, anyone who has kidney disease, no matter what kind of kidney disease, regardless of the severity, almost without exception to consult with doctors about dietary contraindications. From a medical point of view, the treatment of kidney disease is indeed closely related to diet. The amount and type of protein intake, for example, has been studied since the 1960s, and has been emphasized and promoted by medical practitioners all over the world, especially in nephrotic syndrome (massive proteinuria, reduced plasma albumin levels, edema) and renal impairment, where rational nutritional therapy is an indispensable part. Let’s leave the rest aside and just talk about the controversy over soy-based foods here. Soybean is rich in protein food, according to its composition, every 100 grams of soybean contains 36, 3 grams of protein, more than the same weight of lean pork and beef (respectively, containing 16, 7 grams of protein and 20, 2), while the three foods produced by the heat is 411, 320, 143 kcal. This shows the superior nutritional value of soybeans, which are known as vegetable protein because they come from plants. Isn’t it best to use such good nutrition for people with low protein kidney disease? But for decades the folklore has been circulating: “people with kidney disease should not eat beans”, even soy products are also boycotted. Doctors also stressed that kidney function declined to a certain extent (azotemia period) should control the amount of protein intake, try to choose animal meat, milk, eggs, not soybeans, peanuts, that is, the food from animals named high-quality protein, control the amount of protein intake treatment is called high-quality low protein diet therapy. Thus, the tradition of not eating soybeans has gradually developed. The reason is that meat contains more essential amino acids, while soybeans to non-essential amino acids, the purpose of treatment hopes to reduce the body’s non-essential amino acids, forcing the use of the body’s urea nitrogen (one of the metabolic wastes that cause uremic symptoms), the synthesis of non-essential amino acids to reduce the level of urea nitrogen; supplementation of essential amino acids, and non-essential amino acids to synthesize protein, supplementing nutrition, is a two-for-one approach Therefore, this method has been used for more than 20 years.
In recent years, it was found that feeding rats with animal meat as the main component of the diet for kidney disease, the excretion of urine protein increased, another group of the same rats, with soy as the main diet, the excretion of urine protein did not increase; some experts to patients with nephrotic syndrome to eat soy protein-based vegetarian diet, the amount of urine protein also significantly reduced. According to the analysis, soybeans are rich in branched-chain amino acids, which are not harmful to kidney disease. Nowadays, animal proteins such as meat and milk are no longer recommended to kidney patients, and a soy protein-based vegetarian diet is advocated. After the kidney function is damaged, still advocate a low-protein diet, the degree of control of the amount of protein according to the amount of kidney function destruction, but also no longer need to strictly abstain from eating beans, some people advocate meat protein accounted for 50-60%, the rest of the food plant food. If the low protein diet is accompanied by essential amino acids or a-keto acids, there is no need to restrict the type of food. In the controversy of eating soy, it is really good news for kidney disease patients, one more choice in diet, one more pleasure in life. Why not change your old diet and explore whether a soy-based vegetarian diet is more suitable for you?
Is it necessary to limit salt strictly for nephritis patients?
Salt is sodium chloride. Both chloride and sodium are essential ions in the body. The sodium ion in the blood is the main ion to maintain the plasma osmotic pressure. If there is more, the osmotic pressure will rise and water will move from the tissues around the blood vessels to the blood vessels with high osmotic pressure, causing too much water in the blood vessels, which will increase the burden on the heart and cause hypertension and heart failure; on the contrary, if there is less sodium ion, the water in the blood vessels will move out, resulting in severe hypotension and shock. Weakness, low blood pressure, dizziness and other weak performance, you can see how important salt is to the human body. Medical science emphasizes that sodium intake should be restricted only in cases of edema, low urination, hypertension and insufficient dialysis ultrafiltration, etc. Sodium should not be restricted casually. If you have a long period of salt, you are bound to get tired and weak.
In the study of the causes of nephritis, no one was found to have developed the disease with salt consumption. Although salt restriction is advocated during the active phase of nephritis when there is edema and oliguria, and not restricting it will aggravate edema, it is not a relapse due to salt. When nephritis is under control, with normal urine output and no edema or hypertension, a salt-restricted diet is not required, and salt will not cause a relapse of nephritis. The actual fact is that you will not need to eat a salt-restricted diet, but you should not eat salty foods, such as salted vegetables, salted fish, salted meat and other salted foods.
Nephrolithiasis patients should not eat scented coke
The general public believe that bananas are rich in nutrients, sweet and delicious, everyone can eat, there is no contraindication. However, people suffering from acute nephritis, chronic nephritis and poor kidney function should not eat bananas because they contain more sodium, and nephritis patients with swelling and high blood pressure must limit the intake of sodium.
If nephritis patients often eat bananas, it is equivalent to the intake of a large amount of sodium, resulting in increased kidney burden, swelling, hypertension and other symptoms will also be aggravated. In addition, indigestion and diarrhea patients will also aggravate the condition after eating.