The most common form of hyperparathyroidism is primary hyperparathyroidism, which is caused by an overproduction of parathyroid hormone synthesis due to a lesion of the parathyroid glands themselves (e.g., hyperplasia, adenoma or adenocarcinoma). Primary hyperparathyroidism is most often due to a single parathyroid adenoma (90%), less often to multiple adenomas or hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands, and rarely to adenocarcinoma. The etiology of the disease is not fully understood, but it is thought that it may be related to genetics and radiation therapy. Clinically, about 50% of patients with hyperparathyroidism are asymptomatic, except for elevated blood calcium, decreased blood phosphorus, and elevated blood parathyroid hormone on biochemical examination. When the blood calcium is significantly elevated, the patient may have symptoms of several systems: 1, neurological symptoms: apathy, depression, memory loss, irritability, insomnia, occasionally obvious psychosis, such as hallucinations, mania, and in severe cases, coma; 2, muscular system: fatigue, muscle weakness of the limbs, and in severe cases, myasthenia; 3, digestive system: loss of appetite, abdominal distension, 10.24% of patients have ulcers; 4, skeletal system: may appear 4. Skeletal system: pathological fractures and bone deformities, bone decalcification and fibrous cystic osteitis may occur, mainly manifesting as widespread bone and joint pain with obvious pressure pain, mostly starting from the lower limbs and lumbar region and gradually progressing to the whole body, resulting in restricted movement, bed rest and difficulty in turning over; 5. Urinary system: urinary stones caused by this disease are characterized by multiple, recurrent and bilateral attacks, and the stones often have a gradual increase, enlargement and other active phenomena. The incidence of urinary stones can be as high as 60% to 90%, manifesting as renal colic or ureteral spasm, hematuria, milky urine or urinary mud sand-like changes, and easily accompanied by urinary tract infection, which can cause renal function damage or even lead to renal failure after repeated attacks. About 2-5% of patients with kidney stones are caused by this disease. In clinical practice, most patients have recurrent urinary stone attacks and mud and sand-like changes in urine with poor results from lithotripsy treatment, and the stones still recur after treatment, so it is necessary to check blood calcium, blood phosphorus, blood parathyroid hormone and parathyroid imaging to clarify the cause of hyperparathyroidism.