Mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are a group of diseases with malignant potential originating from the gastrointestinal tract. In the early stage of tumor, it can be benign, and if it can be removed at this time, the surgical effect is good and the recurrence and metastasis rate is low. When the tumor gradually grows to a certain size, it shows malignant tendency and often appears liver metastasis, at this time, surgery is prone to local recurrence or liver metastasis. Gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors are mostly gastric mesenchymal tumors, small intestinal mesenchymal tumors, rectal mesenchymal tumors, and some are retroperitoneal mesenchymal tumors. Their prognosis is closely related to the size of the tumor, the number of nuclear division images in high magnification field, the completeness of surgical resection, and whether to apply targeted therapy prophylactically after surgery. The prognosis of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors is closely related to the size of the tumor, the number of nuclear splitting images under high-powered microscopy, the completeness of surgical resection, and whether or not to use prophylactic targeted therapy after surgery.