What to do if a pulmonary ground glass nodule is found

   With the widespread use of CT, “pulmonary nodules” have gradually entered the vision of the general public. After finding a ground glass nodule, some people think they have lung cancer and panic, while others don’t think it is because they don’t have any discomfort. In fact, pulmonary ground glass nodules are neither so scary nor so benign, let’s unveil its mystery together.  Pulmonary frosted glass nodules are thin, cloud-like, slightly dense shadows on CT, which are commonly referred to as a piece of frosted glass covering a small piece of lung. It can be a benign lesion such as inflammation or interstitial fibrosis, a lung cancer, or a transitional lesion between benign and malignant. For the clinician, determining the nature of the frosted glass nodule is a prerequisite for determining the subsequent measures to be taken.  Currently, the gold standard for determining the nature of pulmonary vitreous nodules is pathology, which presupposes resection or puncture biopsy of the lesion, which is not clinically preferred due to complex clinical factors such as lesion size, location, number, patient condition, and surgical risk, whereas chest CT is noninvasive, economical, and easily repeatable, and is the best means of determining the nature of pulmonary vitreous nodules. But the management of pulmonary vitreous nodules is not simply a CT, there are many small “tricks”. In the hospital where I work, we have the following “magic words”.  1, “standardized” accurate imaging technology. Since many pulmonary glass nodules are only 2-3 mm in size, and the interval between each layer of ordinary CT is 5-7 mm, so ordinary CT will miss the small glass nodules. In addition, the morphological features of ground glass nodules (such as size, density, relationship with blood vessels, burr, vacuolar sign, etc.) are crucial to determine their nature, which relies more on clear CT imaging and mature techniques such as subsequent reconstruction. As an all-army lung cancer treatment center, my hospital has accumulated rich experience in imaging and follow-up of pulmonary ground-glass nodules, and has formed a “standardized” technical model. Currently, a layer thickness of 0.625 mm (equivalent to the thickness of only 7 sheets of paper) is routinely selected for scans of ground glass nodules in the lung, which, combined with follow-up processing, ensures that the characteristics of the lesion are not missed and are clearly displayed.  2. “Specialized” multidisciplinary treatment team. The lesions covered by pulmonary vitreous nodules involve multiple disciplines, and the treatment especially relies on the cooperation of oncology and related multidisciplinary departments. In my hospital, years of clinical practice have formed a relatively fixed “specialized” multidisciplinary team, with complementary advantages, to jointly select the best treatment plan for patients with pulmonary vitreous nodules.  3. “Individualized” clinical decision making. Since imaging cannot determine the nature of the ground glass nodule with 100% accuracy, in the process of clinical decision making, the characteristics of the lesion and the individual factors of the patient need to be fully considered and tailored to the patient. In years of clinical practice, the author has the following experiences. The first is not to simply apply “guidelines”; the second is not to easily deny malignant lesions; the third is not to blindly carry out surgery; the fourth is not to ignore systemic comprehensive treatment.  For patients, if a pulmonary ground glass nodule is found on physical examination or unintentionally, excessive panic and paralysis are undesirable, as suggested below.  1, correct understanding, not panic. Pulmonary glass nodules are not necessarily tumors. Even if it is a tumor, most of them are “early in the early stage” and nearly 100% cured after resection, so there is enough time to observe its changes. Therefore, there is no need to panic after finding pulmonary glass nodules.  2, serious treatment, not paralysis. Pulmonary ground glass nodules do not cause symptoms of the nature of easy to let people take it lightly. It is necessary to remind that pulmonary ground glass nodules have the possibility of tumor, and it is necessary to raise vigilance and carry out correct treatment and necessary follow-up, so as to avoid delaying the “early stage of early stage” lung cancer into the late stage lung cancer.  3. Seek medical treatment wisely and do not toss and turn. After lung nodules are found, many patients like to seek medical advice from multiple sources, but this is not advisable. Firstly, the rich information in hospital imaging system cannot be reflected in ordinary films, and secondly, dynamic observation of lesion changes is especially important to determine its nature. Therefore, it makes more sense to see the same experienced oncologist and rely on the hospital’s powerful imaging review system to observe the lesion.  In conclusion, for the management of pulmonary ground glass nodules, we advocate individualized decision making by a specialized team based on standardized examinations to provide a full package of solutions for the patient. Patients who find a pulmonary ground glass nodule need to be treated properly. Neither panic nor paralysis should be allowed, but rather the necessary management and follow-up should be done by choosing the right hospital and an experienced oncologist. We should strive to neither over-treat benign lesions, which bring unnecessary losses, nor miss malignant lesions, which cause bad results.