Swelling of head and face caused by lung cancer is a manifestation of superior vena cava syndrome. If lung cancer lesions or mediastinal lymph node metastases compress the superior vena cava, it may cause poor venous reflux in head, face and upper limbs, resulting in superior vena cava syndrome, leading to swelling of head and neck, cyanosis and angry veins in chest wall, which may cause respiratory difficulty in severe cases. When lung cancer causes superior vena cava syndrome, radiotherapy can be used for relief treatment, which can often effectively relieve symptoms and prolong survival. For patients with severe symptoms and signs, radiotherapy can be used first, with appropriate dehydrating agents and glucocorticoids, and then chemotherapy can be selected according to different pathological types. For patients with relatively mild symptoms and signs, chemotherapy can be considered before radiotherapy. For patients who cannot effectively reduce the compression of superior vena cava after radiotherapy, metal stents can be implanted in the compressed part of superior vena cava to improve the poor return of superior vena cava, thus relieving the superior vena cava syndrome and reducing the swelling of head and face.