Bone marrow aspiration is one of the common skills in clinical work and is an essential tool for the diagnosis of most leukemias. Bone marrow puncture is often performed at the posterior superior iliac spine or anterior superior iliac spine of the pelvis, because this area is clearly marked by bone, and there are no large blood vessels or nerve trunks around it, so it is safer. If multiple punctures are unsatisfactory, sternal puncture can be chosen, which is generally safe as long as the needle is inserted obliquely and does not penetrate the sternum. There are few contraindications to bone marrow puncture, except for severe hemophilia and coagulation factor deficiency diseases, and the puncture site should be avoided for local inflammation and deformities.