Children’s vision develops rapidly until the age of 6, with the age of 3 being particularly important. During this period, adverse factors such as high hyperopia, astigmatism, myopia and other refractive abnormalities as well as strabismus can cause impaired visual development and result in amblyopia. Most refractive abnormalities in children occur before or within the first year of life, and are also associated with some poor eye use behaviors and environment. Carrying out vision screening and eye care for infants and children can not only guide parents in vision care and prevent its occurrence as much as possible, but also enable early detection of refractive abnormalities, amblyopia, strabismus and diseases that affect visual development and take early measures. Parents should bring their babies for eye care for the first time around 42 days after birth, for the second time around 6 months, and for vision screening at least once a year from age 1-3. Children with abnormalities or deviations found during the vision screening need to be followed up regularly for early diagnosis and treatment.