The vast majority of thyroid cysts can be treated conservatively and do not require surgery. The first step in the management of cysts is aspiration of the cystic fluid by puncture. After the fluid is removed, a fine needle puncture is performed on the parenchymal portion of the cyst to determine its nature. If the result is benign, only follow-up or thyroxine suppression therapy is used. If cancer cells or suspected cancer cells are found in the cyst fluid or in the parenchymal part of the aspirate, surgery is necessary. Since thyroid cysts are benign in most cases, based on the exclusion of malignant lesions by puncture, cysts do not need to be operated and can be treated conservatively, including simple fine-needle aspiration therapy. The method of sclerotherapy is to inject sclerosing agent into the cystic cavity after aspiration of the cystic fluid, and to perform routine pathological examination of the aspirated cystic fluid and parathyroid hormone (PTH) test if necessary to exclude parathyroid cysts.