Pre-operative precautions: 1. Chronic diseases and commonly used drugs must be informed to the doctor, and the surgery can be performed only when the condition is stable and controlled. 2, such as long-term use of anticoagulant drugs (such as rifampicin, Poliovel, etc.) must be stopped for more than one week before surgery. 3.Serious cardiopulmonary disease requires specialist consultation after surgery to assess the risk of surgery. 4.Practice the position for 2 hours a day for three days before surgery to facilitate postoperative recovery: lie flat on the bed, put soft pillows under the neck and shoulders, and keep the head properly tilted back. 5, such as long-term use of antihypertensive drugs in the morning on the day of surgery with a small amount of water to take normally. Post-operative precautions: 1. At least 2-3 days of hospitalization are required for observation after surgery, and the time of discharge depends on the recovery situation. 2.Change of voice, which may be related to cricoarytenoid dislocation, vocal cord edema, increased airway secretions, and impaired neurological function, is a common condition in thyroid surgery and generally recovers 3-6 months after surgery, and some patients are unable to recover normal tone. 3. Numbness and twitching of the hands, feet and face, related to hypoparathyroidism, are common after thyroid surgery and usually recover in 2 weeks to 2 months after surgery, while a few patients can have this symptom for a long time. 4.Choking and coughing when drinking or eating is caused by impaired nerve function. It is recommended to eat more paste-like solids and fruits and drink less water, which can be recovered more than 2 weeks after surgery. 5.Dizziness and headache, neck, shoulder and low back discomfort, usually related to the surgical position and anesthesia reaction, can be relieved by themselves within a few days. 6.Pain in the pharynx and incision, swallowing effort and increased airway secretions are normal postoperative reactions and can be gradually relieved. 7, early postoperative fever, generally not more than 38.5 ℃, can be used physical cooling method, can be self-relieved. 8.A light diet within one week, avoid overheating and hard food, and please pay attention to blood sugar control for diabetic patients. 9.More often than not, surgery will cause thyroid insufficiency, which requires long-term thyroxine treatment. 10.The final diagnosis is based on the post-operative pathological diagnosis. If the post-operative pathological diagnosis does not match the pre-operative intra-operative diagnosis, another surgical treatment may be required according to the condition.