Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (1-2 mm in diameter) and the superior laryngeal nerve (<1 mm in diameter) during thyroid surgery can lead to postoperative voice changes and even life-threatening choking. How to prevent or minimize laryngeal nerve injury is critical in thyroid surgery. For many years, thyroid surgery has been to protect the nerves by identifying them with the naked eye of the attending surgeon, but in dealing with complex thyroid surgery, even experienced surgeons are overwhelmed by the complexity and variety of anatomical variants of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. In recent years, the development of neuromonitoring can assist in the identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, easily distinguish between nerves and blood vessels, motor nerves and sensory nerves, quickly define the anatomical scope of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, reduce the length of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and minimize trauma and maximize the functional integrity of the nerve. A large body of evidence-based medical evidence shows that identification and exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is necessary during thyroid surgery, and that the implementation of neuromonitoring improves the safety and scientific validity of the protection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. At the same time, intraoperative neuromonitoring can help 85% of beginners to find the laryngeal nerve, provide surgeons with a quantitative index of nerve function, assist surgeons to deal with complex anatomical structures, skillfully avoid the danger zone, and listen to the nerve cues under the eyes and ears, and become an effective auxiliary tool to identify the gold standard of protection by the naked eye. Surgeons, with their exquisite techniques, further reduce the occurrence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and improve the safety and thoroughness of surgery with the assistance of intraoperative nerve monitoring, which will become a routine way of laryngeal nerve protection in thyroid surgery and bring the gospel to more patients.