After admission, routine blood tests, echocardiograms, chest films, electrocardiograms, respiratory function tests, etc. should be performed first. If the patient is judged to be in the rheumatic activity stage, the operation should be delayed and certain anti-inflammatory treatment should be carried out, and the operation should be carried out after the rheumatic activity has stopped for more than 3 months (except for those whose condition requires emergency operation). Those who are older than 50 years old, or younger than 50 years old but have high-risk factors for coronary heart disease (such as obesity, high blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes, etc.) or have symptoms of chest pain need to undergo coronary angiography to diagnose whether there is a combination of coronary heart disease. If the combination of coronary stenosis is clear by coronary angiography and reaches a certain level, coronary artery bypass grafting is also required at the same time as valve replacement surgery. Patients themselves also need to make some preparations: 1. respiratory function exercises (practice blowing up balloons or simple lung function trainers for respiratory function exercises, practice slow deep breathing, breath-holding movements, practice correct coughing methods). 2. for patients with smoking habits, it is recommended that they must completely quit smoking for more than 2 weeks. 3. proper control of water intake, small meals, and proper nutrition. 4. rest is the mainstay, avoid straining, and prevent respiratory infections. Prevent respiratory tract infections. If your condition allows, get out of bed and move appropriately every day, but do not leave the ward without permission.5. Pay attention to oral hygiene, brush your teeth every day, especially on the day of surgery, and make sure to brush your teeth to maintain oral hygiene to reduce the risk of postoperative infection. There are also several other issues that we feel are very important, that is, if you have chronic inflammation before surgery, such as periodontitis, otitis media, sinusitis, skin infection, etc., be sure to tell the doctor in charge! These chronic inflammatory conditions may cause postoperative infection after flap replacement surgery and must not be concealed in the rush to operate.