According to the survey, the overall prevalence of diabetes among adults in China is 10.9% (10.2% for women and 11.7% for men), with a total population of over 110 million people with diabetes, the largest number of people with diabetes in the world. In 2001, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) predicted that the number of people with diabetes would reach 366 million worldwide by 2030. But just 10 years later, in 2011, the IDF released diabetes data showing that the number of people with diabetes had increased to 366 million worldwide. Diabetes is spreading faster than imagined. About 4.6 million people die from diabetes each year, and on average, one person passes away every seven seconds due to diabetes. According to the latest data released by the IDF on November 14, 2017: in 2012, more than half of the world’s diabetes was undiagnosed and about 50% of people with diabetes did not know they had it. About 4.8 million people died from diabetes, half of them under the age of 60. The medical costs of diabetes prevention and treatment exceeded $471 billion; in 2013, the global prevalence of diabetes among adults aged 20-79 was 8.3%, and the number of patients had reached 382 million, 80% of which were in middle and low-income countries. The IDF estimates that by 2035, nearly 592 million people worldwide will have diabetes. The global diabetes prevention and control situation has become increasingly critical, and diabetes has posed a huge challenge to the global healthcare system. Among the huge diabetic population, obesity has become a very important risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and obesity can also cause a variety of metabolic disorder syndromes, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, sleep apnea syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome and so on. In the prevention of diabetes, choosing a reasonable and healthy lifestyle is still the first choice. The traditional treatment of diabetes includes diet control, exercise, oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin injection therapy. For obese diabetic patients, bariatric surgery is one of the effective options. Regarding the efficacy of bariatric surgery in treating diabetes, it not only effectively reduces the weight of patients, but also improves the co-existing disorders of blood glucose metabolism in some patients, among which can effectively repair the function of patients’ pancreatic islets, rebuild the gastrointestinal hormones, as well as can reduce the load to the pancreas, when the absorption of sugar is artificially controlled, the amount of insulin required by the body is also reduced, and the contradiction of insulin supply and demand is relieved, which helps blood glucose level control. In the case that the patients’ awareness of medical treatment has not yet started, clinicians should educate patients about obesity prevention and treatment as early as possible and in time. Especially for diabetic patients with BMI > 27.5 and comorbidities, they can be treated with bariatric surgery if all surgical indications are met.