Pertussis is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus pertussis. Its typical clinical symptoms are a paroxysmal spasmodic cough with a deep, long, chicken-like inspiratory echo at the end of the cough. In recent years, the incidence of pertussis in children has been increasing year by year, and young infants are prone to asphyxia, pneumonia or encephalopathy leading to death, which requires active treatment and cannot wait for self-healing. The three clinical phases of typical pertussis include the khat phase, the spasmodic cough phase, and the recovery phase, which last about 6-12 weeks, with some children having a longer duration of illness. Complications of pertussis include pneumonia, otitis media, pertussis encephalopathy, and worsening tuberculosis, etc. Symptoms are atypical in infants less than 3 months old, with cyanosis, shortness of breath, and trismus occurring after a few coughs, and the disease progresses rapidly, often combining with cardiovascular dysfunction and severe pertussis. Comprehensive treatment is given according to the severity of the disease and age. Antibacterial drugs are preferred to erythromycin for 14-21 days. Symptomatic treatment can be given with aminoglutethimide to stop cough and expectoration. Complications are treated with appropriate etiology and symptomatic treatment. In the case of hypoxemia and cardiac arrest in young infants, early mechanical ventilation and intensive respiratory management are indicated. Pertussis can be prevented. Infants should be vaccinated against pertussis in a timely manner, and infants who have not been vaccinated can be vaccinated with immunoglobulin containing antitoxin after contact with pertussis patients. It is important to pay attention to nutrition and proper exercise to strengthen immunity. Avoid contact with patients during a pertussis epidemic. If you find a young child at home with a special coughing sound and suspect pertussis, go to a regular hospital for treatment in a timely manner and do not blindly wait for self-healing.