The presence of edema in the scrotum requires further examination at the hospital to clarify the cause of the edema: first, the presence of sphingomyelomeningocele or infection in the scrotum, resulting in exudative effusion, usually manifests as an increase in scrotal volume, accompanied by localized swelling and painful sensation, etc. When touched with the hand, an increase in scrotal tension can be touched. When irradiated with a light source, light can be seen to pass through the scrotum, which is manifested by a positive transillumination test. Ultrasound examination of the scrotum is needed to confirm the presence of effusion, and if the effusion is infectious, anti-infective treatment is recommended. Secondly, edema of the scrotal skin, mostly secondary to systemic lesions, such as hypoproteinemia and lymphangioedema, may appear with reduced systemic protein content, commonly seen in liver disease and kidney disease, and edema of the scrotal wall. Depressed edema may appear when pressed, without obvious pain, and may be accompanied by edema in other parts of the body, such as facial edema and lower limb edema, requiring systemic protein supplementation therapy.