Thyroid cancer refers to thyroid cancer, which is a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland and it is the most common endocrine malignancy. It is generally classified into four types according to pathological types: papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma. The age distribution of the various types of thyroid cancer varies, with the majority of differentiated thyroid cancers occurring in patients between the ages of 20 and 50. The etiology and pathogenesis of thyroid cancer are not well understood, but its occurrence may be related to the following factors: 1. Genetic factors: If a parent has thyroid cancer, the risk of developing the cancer increases 3.2 times, and the incidence of non-familial medullary carcinoma is about 3.5%-6.2%. The incidence of non-familial medullary cancer is about 3.5%-6.2%. And familial thyroid cancer can be complicated by some germline mutation syndrome. Iodine: In iodine-deficient areas, the incidence of follicular thyroid tumors is increased; in areas with excessive iodine intake, papillary thyroid cancer is more likely to occur. 3.Radiation injury: History of radiation exposure can increase the occurrence of papillary thyroid cancer. The diagnosis of thyroid cancer lies in the early stage. Most of the cases present as an isolated solid nodule in the anterior neck area without obvious pain, which can move up and down with swallowing. If the thyroid nodule is hard and uneven, accompanied by enlarged cervical lymph nodes, paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or previous history of neck radiation, the possibility of cancer is high. In addition, if the thyroid gland itself appears asymmetrically enlarged or hard nodules that increase rapidly or have become fixed, the possibility of thyroid cancer should be considered. Nowadays, the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing year by year. Thyroid cancer is mostly seen in women and its male patients have a poor prognosis but low mortality rate.