Worldwide, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma accounts for about 2%-3% of adult malignancies, and its distribution has obvious geographical differences, with the highest incidence in developed Western countries such as North America and Western Europe, and the lowest incidence in developing countries such as Africa and Asia. According to GLOBOCAN2020 global cancer statistics, in 2020, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma ranks 14th in malignant tumors worldwide, lower than prostate cancer and bladder cancer of the urinary system, and 15th in mortality. The age-standardized incidence rate of renal cell carcinoma is 6.1 per 100,000 men and 3.2 per 100,000 women. The age-standardized mortality rate was 4.6/100,000 for men and 1.8/100,000 for women. According to the 2018 China Tumor Registry Annual Report, the number of new cases of renal cell carcinoma in China was the 17th most common malignant tumor and the 18th most common death in 2015. The crude incidence rate of renal cell carcinoma in China was 4.02/100,000, and the age-standardized incidence rate was 2.66/100,000; among them, the crude incidence rate of renal cell carcinoma in men was 5.10/100,000, and the age-standardized incidence rate was 3.43/100,000; the crude incidence rate of renal cell carcinoma in women was 2.92/100,000, and the age-standardized incidence rate was 1.89/100,000.