The majority of hepatitis B carriers in China originate from infection in newborns and childhood. Thus, prevention in newborns is particularly important and all newborns should be vaccinated against hepatitis B. This is because newborns are the least immune to the hepatitis B virus and their immune function is not yet complete, so once infected, it is difficult to clear the virus and become a hepatitis B carrier. Secondly, preschool children should also be vaccinated. The third is the spouse of HBsAg positive person and other people who are engaged in occupations with risk of hepatitis B infection, such as those who are in close contact with blood, medical and nursing staff, hemodialysis patients, etc. The fourth is people who are accidentally exposed to hepatitis B virus, such as accidentally being stabbed by a needle contaminated with HBsAg-positive blood, or being splashed with HBsAg-positive blood on the conjunctiva of the eyes or mucous membrane of the mouth, and inputting HBsAg-positive blood, etc. All should be vaccinated against hepatitis B. A total of 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine should be administered at 0, 1 and 6 months, i.e. after the first dose of vaccine, the second and third doses of vaccine should be administered at 1 and 6 months intervals. Hepatitis B vaccination is given to newborns as early as possible, within 24 hours of birth. The site of vaccination is intramuscular in the lateral anterior thigh for newborns and intramuscular in the middle deltoid muscle of the upper arm for children and adults. The protection rate for blocking mother-to-child transmission with hepatitis B vaccine alone is 87.8%. (1) If both parents of a newborn do not have hepatitis B, the newborn should be given one intramuscular injection of genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible (within 24 hours) after birth, and the injection site for the newborn is the lateral anterior thigh muscle 1 month later, then 1 shot, and 1 shot 6 months later, for a total of 3 shots; this program is called the 0, 1, 6 program; children and adults need to be tested before vaccination, and if the three systems of hepatitis B are tested If all three systems are negative and the transaminases are normal, hepatitis B vaccination can be administered according to the 0, 1, 6 program (the dose is generally doubled for adults). The success rate of immunization is more than 90%, and the sign of successful immunization is that the surface antibody of hepatitis B turns positive, and the protection time generally lasts at least 12 years, and the vaccinated person can regularly recheck the three systems of hepatitis B. As long as the surface antibody still exists, it proves that the immunization ability remains. (2) For newborns whose mothers are purely surface antigen positive, relatively satisfactory results can be achieved with the hepatitis B vaccine alone, and the hepatitis B vaccine is still used in the 0, 1, 6 regimen, with some reports suggesting that the first shot can be given in 2 doses (10 micrograms/l ml) for better results. (3) For newborns whose mothers are double positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen and e antigen, it is best to apply a combination of highly effective hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine. The specific method is to use two injections of high potency hepatitis B immunoglobulin (1 immediately after birth and 1 month after birth, 200 international units each) and three injections of hepatitis B vaccine (10 micrograms each, 1 each in the second, third, and fifth months after birth) for newborns; there are also injections of one high potency hepatitis B immunoglobulin immediately after birth and three injections of hepatitis B vaccine (15 micrograms each, 1 immediately after birth and 1 in the first and sixth months), The success rate of the 2 programs is over 90%. (4) For people accidentally exposed to hepatitis B virus, after accidental exposure to blood and body fluids of HBV-infected patients, the following methods can be followed: a. Serological testing HBsAg, anti-HBs, ALT, etc. should be tested immediately and retested within 3 and 6 months. b. Active and passive immunization If hepatitis B vaccine has been given and anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/ml is known, no special treatment can be given. If you have not received hepatitis B vaccine, or if you have received hepatitis B vaccine but the anti-HBs is <10 mIU/ml or the level of anti-HBs is unknown, you should immediately inject 200-400 IU of HBIG and receive one dose of hepatitis B vaccine (20 μg) at different sites at the same time, and receive the second and third doses of hepatitis B vaccine (20 μg each) 1 and 6 months later, respectively. (5) Adolescents, who are susceptible to HBV, can also receive hepatitis B vaccine, also according to the "0, 1, 6 immunization protocol", i.e., the first dose is given first, the second dose is given one month later, and the third dose is given six months later. Adults, the elderly, and pregnant women can all receive the hepatitis B vaccine. However, the older you are, the lower the success rate of vaccination. However, if an older person is indeed a HBv susceptible person and has close contact with HBv-infected people in and around their home, it is still beneficial to receive the hepatitis B vaccine. The higher the dose of antigen, the stronger the immunogenicity, which stimulates the immune system and makes it easier to produce antibodies. The vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine should be carried out according to the specific situation and medical advice. Generally, the reaction after vaccination is mild, and some people may have symptoms such as low fever, redness and swelling at the vaccination site, and pressure pain, which generally disappear within 1 to 2 days. From the viewpoint of immunization effect, a large number of studies have shown that the positive antibody conversion rate of vaccine recipients is over 90%, and the protection rate is over 80% three years after vaccination; moreover, as long as the method of vaccine combination is appropriate and the vaccine HbsAg content is sufficient and stable, the effect of vaccine immunization to interrupt mother-to-child transmission is also very satisfactory.