Doctors often encounter patients and their families who do not understand or are afraid of or do not accept bone aspiration (bone marrow aspiration) tests. Even if they accept it reluctantly, they are still worried about it, fearing that they will get blood diseases and that the bone marrow will be normal and they will “wear it for nothing”. It is good to prove disease or exclude disease because of bone penetration, so there is no need to make it difficult. Bone puncture is a basic clinical examination operation that allows the doctor’s eyes to enter the bone marrow to observe and make a preliminary judgment of the disease, which is very necessary. Bone puncture is the process of using a bone puncture needle to penetrate into the bone marrow cavity at the appropriate bone site and extract a small amount of bone marrow fluid. The morphological and compositional changes in the blood cells are observed to determine the presence of blood disorders, which can be combined with genetic, immunological, protozoal and bacterial tests to better analyze the condition. The puncture site is often chosen from the flat bones of the body, such as the anterior superior iliac spine protruding from the lateral side of the pelvis, commonly known as the hip bone. The posterior side of the pelvis at the posterior superior iliac crest, the left and right sides of the sacral vertebrae, and the harder bony prominence above the buttocks are also chosen. These two places have flat bone surfaces, little subcutaneous fat, easy fixation, and easy and safe operation. The sternum is also a puncture site, the so-called anterior heart of the chest, where the bone is thin, rich in bone marrow, and can better analyze the hematopoietic state. The sternum is an ideal site for puncture, especially when no bone marrow fluid can be extracted from other sites (called “dry extraction”). When the bone puncture is performed on the sternum, the patient faces the bone puncture operation and looks directly at the sharp steel needle, which inevitably makes him or her feel fearful and nervous, so it is less often used. In infants and young children, the tibial ridge of the lower leg under the front of the knee is generally chosen. Some people mistakenly believe that bone marrow fluid extraction will damage the body’s “essence” and are reluctant to undergo the test. In fact, bone marrow fluid is also blood, which is derived from the blood production part of the bone marrow, not the “essence of the marrow”. Since bone marrow blood is a true reflection of abnormal changes in the blood, please understand why the doctor’s eyes have to look inside. The bone marrow fluid required for a bone marrow cytology test is very small, usually about 0.1-0.2 ml, while the total amount of normal bone marrow fluid in the human body is about 260 ml, so the bone marrow fluid extracted by bone puncture is insignificant compared to the total amount, and our body continues to produce a large number of new blood cells every day. Therefore, even if the bone marrow needle enters the bone, it will not cause damage to the body, how can it be compared with the surgery of opening the chest and cutting the abdomen at any time? Therefore, we will do it if it is clinically necessary. After the bone puncture, the small needle eye is sterilized and bandaged, and the puncture site can be healed by avoiding bathing for three days. Some people are afraid that bone marrow puncture will be very painful, which is unnecessary. In fact, when the local skin and periosteum are anesthetized before the bone puncture, it is a little painful, and soon the anesthetic takes effect in less than 10 seconds, and this pain disappears. Proper bone puncture does not cause any danger and does not leave any after-effects. Most clinical blood disorders are difficult to diagnose without this test. Patients who have had leukopenia or thrombocytopenia have been seen several times and the cause cannot be clearly determined. Whenever the physician suggests bone aspiration, it is hesitant, resulting in a non-committal clinical judgment, which may even delay treatment. Therefore, if the diagnosis of the condition requires it, it should be done without hesitation to diagnose and treat the disease in a timely manner. When the bone puncture proves that the bone marrow is normal and blood disorders are ruled out in this regard, the heart is relieved and the psychological burden is lifted. It is a good thing that you should not be worried about the bone penetration and should not be embarrassed by it.