Myeloma, a cancer, is a malignant tumor that originates from plasma cells in the bone marrow and is one of the more common hematologic malignancies, occurring mostly in middle-aged and elderly people. Myeloma is multifocal, with the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull and pelvis as its preferred sites. Its typical clinical manifestation is spinal pain, initially intermittent, followed by persistent, progressive worsening and severe pain. About half of the patients have pathological fractures and nerve compression, leading to paraplegia or generalized radiating pain. Myeloma has no obvious symptoms in its early stages, and it is easily misdiagnosed as back pain or anemia. The onset of the disease can inhibit the normal immunoglobulin production in the body, which can easily cause a variety of bacterial infections and more complications. If left untreated, the disease can be life-threatening. Although the disease cannot be cured clinically, its progression can be controlled with reasonable treatment. The prognosis varies greatly among individuals and is related to the age, physical fitness and degree of drug absorption of the person who develops the disease, but patients will have a relatively high survival rate after aggressive treatment.