Cerebral hemorrhage is defined as a non-traumatic bleeding in the brain parenchyma. Most of them are caused by the rupture of small cerebral artery lesions associated with hypertension during a sudden rise in blood pressure, called hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.
Prevention
Patients with hypertension should control their blood pressure under the guidance of a physician and avoid factors that may trigger an increase in blood pressure, such as strenuous changes, full meals, strenuous activities, straining to defecate, and sexual intercourse. Severe posterior headache or collar pain, motor sensory disturbance, vertigo or syncope, nasal bleeding, blurred vision, etc. may be precursors of cerebral hemorrhage and should be promptly checked at the hospital.
What should I do if I have a sudden cerebral hemorrhage?
Cerebral hemorrhage is a common disease among middle-aged and elderly people. It is caused by a sudden rise in blood pressure, resulting in the rupture of microvessels in the brain and causing bleeding. At the site of the hemorrhage foci, blood can directly compress the brain tissue, causing cerebral edema around it and, in severe cases, secondary brain displacement and brain herniation.
The typical manifestations of cerebral hemorrhage include: sudden numbness, weakness or paralysis of one of the limbs, when the patient often falls unprepared, or suddenly drops the objects in his hands; at the same time, the patient will also have a distorted mouth, drooling, slurred speech or aphasia, some have headache, vomiting, blurred vision, impaired consciousness, incontinence and other phenomena. When a patient has a cerebral hemorrhage, the family should provide emergency care.
1. Keep calm and lay the patient down immediately. Never rush the patient to the hospital to avoid road shock. You can tilt his head to the side to prevent sputum and vomit from being inhaled into the trachea.
2, quickly loosen the patient’s collar and belt, keep indoor air circulation, pay attention to warmth when it is cold and cooling when it is hot.
3.If the patient is unconscious and makes a strong snoring sound, it means that his tongue root has fallen down, use a handkerchief or gauze to wrap the patient’s tongue and gently pull it outward.
4.Cold towel can be used to cover the patient’s head, because the blood vessels contract when they are cold, which can reduce the amount of bleeding.
5.When the patient is incontinent, he/she should be treated in place and not move the patient’s body at will to prevent aggravation of cerebral hemorrhage.
6. When the patient is sent to the hospital in a stable condition, the vehicle should be driven as smoothly as possible to reduce bumps and vibrations; at the same time, the patient’s head should be slightly elevated and kept at an angle of 20 degrees to the ground, and changes in condition should be noted at all times.
Cerebral infarction cerebral hemorrhage
First of all, bed rest is needed, an optimistic and cheerful attitude, full confidence in the recovery of the disease, close cooperation with us, active treatment and early recovery.
Some patients may experience inability to move one or both hands and feet, weakness, or temporary inability to speak, which may have some influence in later life. You should have a correct understanding of your disease, as long as you control it with early medication, carry out various functional exercises and language rehabilitation training (such as counting, looking at pictures and speaking, etc.), and be persistent, which has a positive effect on the rehabilitation of paralyzed hands and feet and language function.
The diet should be high in protein, high in vitamins, low in fat and easy to digest nutrient-rich foods, such as fish, soy products, grains, soybeans, etc. Avoid spicy stimulating and greasy foods (such as strong tea, coffee, fried foods), more vegetables and fruits, and keep bowel movements smooth. If there is facial paralysis, semi-liquid food, such as milk paste or porridge, should be fed to the healthy side (where there is no facial paralysis), and the feeding speed should be slow to avoid choking and coughing, which may cause choking. If the patient is critically ill and has difficulty in swallowing, the doctor will insert a gastric tube and give nasal feeding to ensure nutrition supply.
Because the patient’s limbs are affected by the disease, the patient’s sensation of hot and cold stimuli is dulled, so the family is reminded not to use hot water bags and other warming devices to help warm up when it is cold. Otherwise, it may cause serious consequences such as burns.
Patients with unfavorable limb movement and urinary and fecal incontinence should pay attention to skin protection, clean the perineal skin after each bowel movement, keep it dry, apply talcum powder appropriately, and turn and pat the patient’s back every two hours to avoid long-term pressure and necrosis on the skin of paralyzed limbs and the occurrence of bedsores.
Within 1-2 weeks after the onset of the disease, when the condition is basically stable, functional exercise of the affected limb can be carried out early, ranging from 10-20 times three times a day, with massage and passive activities to prevent joint adhesions and muscle atrophy. Later, the number of exercises can be increased to help early recovery.
Exercise method.
1. Start with deep breathing and simple active exercises, focusing on the stretching of the arms and legs on the hemiplegic side: shoulder abduction, upper limb extension and lower limb bending.
2.Maintain the functional position of the limb with pillow cushion or wooden frame between exercises to prevent deformities such as upper limb flexion and foot drop.
3. Gradually increase sitting, standing and walking exercises, walk with correct gait and go up and down stairs. Pay attention to strengthen protection to prevent accidents such as falls.
4.After the initial recovery of upper limb function, focus on wall climbing, grasping and placing objects, tray walnuts and other exercises, and strengthen the practice of self-care ability: eating, grooming, dressing and undressing, etc.
5.When the situation improves further, you can carry out labor therapy such as writing, knitting, gardening, etc.