Dyspnea is one of the most common symptoms in patients with advanced tumors. It can be found in 70% of patients with advanced tumors and 90-100% of lung cancer patients have dyspnea before death. Dyspnea is a subjective discomfort of breathing, and the patient’s complaint is the gold standard for diagnosis. The clinical manifestation of dyspnea is the change of respiratory rate, rhythm and amplitude, and in severe cases, the feeling of near death, fear and anxiety can aggravate dyspnea. The complexity of dyspnea in lung cancer patients should be fully recognized and the reversible causes should be eliminated as much as possible. Anti-tumor and anti-infection treatment can be given in a targeted manner; bronchodilators and glucocorticoids are given for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; glucocorticoids, radiotherapy or stent placement are applied for superior vena cava and bronchial obstruction; thoracentesis and drainage are given for pleural effusion, etc. Non-pharmacological treatment includes oxygen, respiratory exercises, posture and position training, psychotherapy, etc., which should be implemented at the early stage of symptoms. Opioids are the most common drugs used to treat dyspnea in cancer patients. Early administration of opioids can reduce the physical and psychological burden of patients and prolong the survival period. Morphine is the drug of choice and is used in the same way as analgesic treatment for dyspnea. It is recommended to start with small doses, give the drug on time, slowly increase the dose, closely observe and prevent side effects. Caution should be exercised in increasing the dose in elderly patients. Sedatives are effective drugs other than opioids that help relieve acute or severe dyspnea.