Esophagogastric variceal bleeding is the biggest threat to patients with cirrhosis and is the main cause of death. Preventive measures for any disease can achieve twice the result with half the effort, can esophagogastric variceal bleeding be prevented? The answer is yes. The clinical objectives of treatment of esophagogastric varices are: 1) to control acute esophagogastric variceal bleeding; 2) to prevent the first bleeding (primary prevention) and rebleeding (secondary prevention) of esophagogastric varices; 3) to improve the functional reserve of the liver. Primary prevention The so-called primary prevention of esophagogastric variceal bleeding is to prevent variceal vein formation and progression, prevent moderate-to-severe variceal rupture bleeding (first bleeding), prevent complications and improve survival rate. The use of non-selective beta-blockers rather than endoscopic treatment is recommended. Endoscopic ligation may be considered for those with contraindications to β-blockers or those who cannot tolerate them. Non-selective β-blocker drugs and their use: propranolol starting dose of 10 mg, twice daily, tapered to the maximum tolerated dose; nadolol starting dose of 20 mg, once daily, tapered to the maximum tolerated dose, should be used for a long time. Criteria for response attainment: decrease in HVPG to below 12 mmHg or >20% from baseline levels. Contraindications: sinus bradycardia, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, hypotension, atrioventricular block, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, hepatic function Chil-Pugh class C, acute bleeding phase. Adverse effects: dizziness, weakness, dyspnea, sexual dysfunction (side effects are rare). Secondary prevention (prevention of rebleeding) After acute variceal bleeding has stopped, patients are at high risk of rebleeding and death. In patients not treated with prophylaxis, the average bleeding recurrence rate is 60% and mortality rate can be 33% within 1-2 years. Methods: Drug + endoscopic treatment. Drugs are mainly non-selective beta-blockers. Endoscopy is mainly lancing and sclerotherapy.