The principle of varicocele surgery must be designed according to the pathogenesis, so it is important to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. There are two common conditions: 1. Secondary varicocele. That is, other diseases lead to the appearance of varicocele, such as tumors of the kidney, retroperitoneal masses or huge hydronephrosis, nutcracker syndrome, which compress the echocardial end of the spermatic vein, leading to blood stagnation and obstruction of return flow in the spermatic vein. This surgery is definitely going to deal with the primary disease and the varicocele will be reduced accordingly. Unless the primary disease is not too easy to deal with and there is an urgent need to solve the problem of varicocele, only then the surgery is performed as per the primary varicocele. 2. It is the functional problems of the venous valves themselves and the anatomical development of humans themselves that cause varicose veins to appear and the consequences also lead to blood pooling. The common result of these conditions is that the testes themselves will experience elevated temperatures and lack of nutrients and oxygen after the blood has stagnated, thus affecting the development and maturation of sperm. So the surgery is to solve the problem of reflux, whether it is the traditional retroperitoneal high ligation or the laparoscopic high ligation, these two surgical methods only differ in the surgical access, that is, the way of opening the incision is different, but the location of the ligation is basically the same, that is, in a higher position, blocking the varicose, dilated spermatic vein, blocking its reflux. There is another type of surgery, now microscopic spermatic vein ligation, which is performed at a lower location to ligate smaller veins, also blocking the refluxed veins, allowing the testicles to receive more oxygen and nutrients, and promoting the development of the testicles and sperm.