Congenital cataracts are cloudy crystals that develop as a result of impaired crystal development during embryonic development. This type of crystal clouding often forms right after birth in a variety of forms and severity, and can have a serious impact on the visual function of the affected child. The critical period of visual development for infants and children is during the first 6 months of life. During the sensitive period of visual system development, any disturbance of factors can cause visual function development disorders and lead to the formation of amblyopia. Therefore, severe congenital cataracts in newborns and their postoperative amblyopia have become a major cause of childhood blindness. How to treat congenital cataract? 1.Observation: For mild congenital cataract has no obvious effect on vision and will not continue to develop, so no treatment is needed, only observation is required. 2.Surgery: Congenital cataracts that seriously affect vision can lead to the occurrence of perceptual amblyopia, so surgery must be performed as early as possible to ensure that the child’s visual function obtains normal development. Surgery is usually performed when the child is about one year old. Because of the tight adhesion between the posterior surface of the lens and the vitreous in infants and young children, postoperative cataract is very likely to occur after surgery, resulting in another postoperative vision loss. At present, ultrasonic emulsion cataract aspiration combined with posterior crystal capsule tearing and anterior vitreous cutting can achieve satisfactory results. 3.Post-operative vision correction: Infancy is a critical stage of visual development, and cataract extraction will make the operated eye highly hyperopic, which will lead to amblyopia, strabismus, nystagmus and other serious consequences if it cannot be corrected in time. The best way to correct vision is to implant an IOL in the eye. Because the refractive state of infants and children is highly variable and the eye is in the process of development, the timing of IOL implantation has been a point of debate among ophthalmologists. Most believe that it is safer to implant an IOL around the age of two years, and that vision can be corrected with contact lenses or frames until then. For those who have developed amblyopia and strabismus, amblyopia training and strabismus correction should be performed in a timely manner after surgery so that the child’s visual function can be optimally restored.