In the outpatient clinic, patients often take the ultrasound report and say, “Doctor, what if I have a cyst? Should I have surgery? When I see the ultrasound report that says: No significant abnormalities in the uterus and bilateral ovaries, and multiple nuchal cysts in the cervix, I can’t help but laugh. What is cervical cyst? Are they real cysts? There are several clinical names for cervical glandular cysts, such as cervical retention cyst, cervical cyst, Nabothian cyst (Nabothian cyst, Nabothian glandular cyst, or simply Nabothian cyst), etc. What is this English name all about? As early as 1707, the German anatomist Martin Naboth described this particular cyst in his article, and later people named the cyst after him in his honor, which was shortened to Nabothian cyst when translated into Chinese. Histology of the normal cervix The cervix is mainly composed of connective tissue containing a few smooth muscle fibers, blood vessels and elastic fibers. The mucosa of the cervical canal is a single layer of highly columnar epithelium, and the glands within the mucosa secrete alkaline mucus, which forms a mucus plug to block the cervical canal. The composition and properties of the mucus plug are influenced by sex hormones and change periodically. The vaginal part of the uterine cervix is covered by a complex squamous epithelium with a smooth surface. Formation of cervical glandular cysts Let’s first understand the transformation zone, the area between the primitive squamous-columnar junction and the physiological squamous-columnar junction. During the formation of the transformation zone, new squamous epithelium covers the mouth of the cervical duct or extends into the glandular duct, blocking the mouth of the glandular duct, and the connective tissue around the glandular duct grows or forms scars to compress the glandular duct, narrowing or blocking the glandular duct, and the glandular secretions are trapped in the glandular duct to form a cyst, which is a cervical glandular cyst. Etiology Cervical glandular cysts are in the vast majority of cases physiological changes of the cervix, which can be formed after ectopic cervical columnar epithelium blocks the glandular ducts during the process of chemosis; in addition, cervical inflammation (bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites, etc.), as well as childbirth, abortion and various other surgical operations on the cervix can cause nuchal cysts. Diagnosis 1.Gynecological examination: single or multiple small greenish-white vesicles are seen protruding from the surface of the uterine cervix. 2.Ultrasound examination. 3.Electron microscopy shows that the cyst wall is covered with a single layer of flat, cuboidal or columnar epithelium. Management Cervical cysts are very common in clinical practice and can occur in all age groups. They can be detected clinically by ultrasound and gynecological examination and can be solitary or multiple, ranging in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Should we treat it? 1.First of all, TCT+HPV should be performed to screen for cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. 2.If the TCT+HPV test is normal and the patient has no clinical symptoms, no treatment is needed. 3.If TCT+HPV test is normal, anti-infection, physical and surgical treatments are given when cervical cysts are accompanied by infection or when cervical cysts are large enough to cause discomfort such as back pain and abdominal swelling. Radiofrequency, laser, electric scalding, freezing, cervical loop electrosurgery (LEEP) and other treatments are available.