The surgical approach for patients with lung masses depends on the nature of the mass, the presence of distant metastases and the function of each of the patient’s organs (especially the heart and lungs). Surgery carries risks, so we perform surgery on patients with great caution. Relevant routine examinations are performed before surgery to try to clarify the diagnosis, determine whether there are metastases and how well the patient’s heart, lungs and other organs are functioning. After perfecting the examination all professors in our department discuss together whether the patient should be treated surgically, how to perform surgical treatment and the risks of surgery, and how to avoid complications of surgery. If the patient has an underlying disease, we adjust the function of each organ of the patient to the best possible state and do our best to serve the life and health of the patient. We usually do the following examinations for patients with pulmonary masses: 1. Physical examination: A comprehensive and detailed physical examination is the basis for diagnosing the disease, especially whether the left and right sides of the chest are symmetrical, whether there is any reduction in respiratory activity, whether one side of the chest is percussive, whether there is limited croup on auscultation, whether there is loss of breath sounds or hypopnea in the chest, whether there is an anemic appearance, and whether the supraclavicular lymph nodes are enlarged are also the focus of the examination. 2.Sputum examination: mainly for patients with lung infection, sputum culture is helpful to find the infecting bacteria, which is conducive to targeted anti-infection treatment. 3.Lung cancer marker detection: commonly used tumor markers of lung cancer include NSE (neuroenolase), CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and CYFRA-211 (cytokeratin, which are useful for diagnosis. 4.Chest x-ray: Chest X-ray is the preferred and most basic examination method. 5.CT scan of the chest: It is recognized as the preferred cross-sectional examination method for patients with lung masses. CT scan can provide more information than chest X-ray in detecting smaller or hidden lesions, helping qualitative diagnosis and accurate staging, which is one of the best imaging methods for lung cancer patients and should be used as a necessary imaging examination before choosing treatment plan. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy: It is one of the most important examinations to diagnose bronchial lung cancer. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy has a large visual range and can enter all segments of bronchi, and can perform various biopsies, brushing, flushing and photography under direct vision. At present, it has become an essential examination method for the diagnosis and treatment of lung masses. 7.Abdominal ultrasound and CT: liver is a common metastatic site of lung cancer, and about 28-33% of lung cancer has liver metastasis. Kidney and adrenal gland are the result of blood metastasis in the late stage of lung cancer. About 17%-20% of lung cancer patients have kidney and adrenal metastasis, which are often asymptomatic. Ultrasound and CT of the abdomen are needed to clarify whether there are abdominal metastases. 8. Head CT: Patients with unexplained headache, vomiting, visual impairment and changes in personality and temperament may be caused by intracranial hypertension or brain nerve damage caused by lung cancer metastasis to the brain. In addition, due to the common application of brain CT examination for lung cancer patients in recent years, many patients with asymptomatic brain metastases have been discovered, which has gained time for treatment. Therefore, brain CT for patients diagnosed with lung masses should be included as routine examination to detect brain metastases as early as possible. 9.Bone scan and bone X-ray: about 50% of lung cancer patients will eventually develop bone metastases in multiple locations. Bone metastases are usually asymptomatic in early stage, and bone isotope scan can detect diseased bones. The symptoms of bone metastasis are related to the location and number of tumor metastases. For example, chest pain caused by lung cancer rib metastasis is mostly manifested as pain with limited chest wall area and clear pressure points. Spinal metastases cause pain in the middle of the back or at the lesion site, while bone metastases in the extremities or trunk cause limited pain in that area. Bone metastasis is not a direct cause of life threatening lung cancer patients, but if the tumor metastasizes to the weight-bearing bones of the body, such as cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, it can cause serious consequences such as paralysis. Therefore, lung cancer patients with bone metastasis should be treated promptly. Bone metastasis can be detected by x-ray and bone radionuclide examination. 10.Electrocardiogram, pulmonary function, arterial blood gas analysis, cardiac ultrasound, long-range electrocardiogram: cardiopulmonary function is an important organ that determines whether most patients can withstand surgical blows, so it should be carefully evaluated before surgery. If problems are found, further examinations such as cardiac ultrasound and long-range ECG are needed. 11. Other routine examinations, especially combined with underlying diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, etc. If it is confirmed that the lesion is still confined to the lung and the systemic condition is good, comprehensive treatment mainly surgery can be used to obtain a radical cure; however, if it is found that there are distant metastases, this can be used as the basis for surgery and other ways to clarify the diagnosis, develop a corresponding treatment plan, play the advantages of various treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, multi-treatment in order to obtain the best results, to prolong life and improve the quality of life The aim is to prolong life and improve quality of life. In case of poor cardiopulmonary function, abnormal blood glucose or blood pressure, preoperative treatment should be carried out to adjust the patient’s organs to the best condition before surgical treatment.