Newborn Hearing Screening: Newborn hearing screening is a rapid initial hearing test (hearing screening) performed by a hearing screening technician at the maternity unit for each newborn during the hospitalization period at birth (usually between 48-72 hours after birth). The results of the initial test are expressed as “passed” and “unannounced”, dividing the children into two groups: those who pass and those who do not pass. Newborns who “pass” the test indicate that their hearing function is basically normal, while those who do not pass the test need to be rescreened within 42 days after birth; newborns who “pass” the test also indicate that their hearing function is basically normal, while those who do not pass the test need to go to the hospital’s ENT Audiology Center for further hearing tests before the age of 3 months. The newborns who have not passed the re-screening will need to go to the ENT Audiology Center of the hospital before 3 months of age for further hearing examination to determine whether there is really hearing impairment and the degree and nature of hearing impairment, so as to achieve the purpose of early detection. It is important to mention that although newborns “pass” the initial screening, they can still suffer from hearing impairment in the course of their growth, and studies have shown that the incidence of delayed hearing impairment in infants and toddlers under 5 years of age is similar to that of congenital hearing impairment in newborns. Therefore, hearing problems in infants and toddlers should always be given attention during their growth. The daily manifestations of hearing loss in infants and toddlers: In adults, the presence of hearing impairment can be self-reported, and the normal hearing can be determined by the presence or absence of impairment in verbal communication. However, for infants and toddlers, it is especially important to note that before the age of 3, they are unable to express themselves because their language skills are not yet formed. Therefore, it is important for parents to pay close attention to and regularly observe the child’s interest in and responsiveness to sounds and the things associated with them. For example, the sound of a door slamming, toys, other banging sounds, and whether the child is prone to blinking, head and face shaking, or even being woken up by loud noises when he/she first falls asleep, etc. If he/she feels that his/her hearing behavior and response are abnormal, he/she should go to the hospital immediately for diagnosis. The initial judgment of hearing loss in infants and toddlers: 1~3 months: no reaction to sudden loud noises (such as slamming doors, firecrackers, hand clapping in the ear). 3～6 months：They do not look for the source of sound when there is a sound. 6～9 months：They do not look at the person or object that is mentioned during the speech. 9～12 months：They do not respond to action instructions, such as: Give me the ball. 12～15 months: Cannot yet say the first single word, e.g., Dad, Mom, light, car. 15～18 months：Inactive to calls from the next room or from a distance. 18～24 months: Not yet able to use two-word words and phrases. 24～30 months：Can say less than 100 words. 30～36 months：They are unable to use 4-5 words and phrases. For those who have gone through the newborn hearing screening session and failed both the initial and repeat screening results and are diagnosed with hearing loss in the hospital, they should be treated aggressively. If the doctor says that the hearing loss is not covered by medication or surgery, your child must be fitted with a hearing aid or, if necessary, a cochlear implant within six months of age. For children who pass the screening test, but suspect abnormal hearing behavior and response as they grow, they should be diagnosed immediately at a hospital.