Kidney biopsy has played a major role in the rapid development of nephrology in recent decades, as it provides kidney tissues of various types and stages of disease for study, and it provides fresh kidney tissues, making it possible to carry out modern examinations such as immunopathology and ultramicropathology, so it has promoted the rapid development of nephropathology in terms of breadth and depth, and driven the continuous updating and improvement of overall nephrology knowledge. Kidney biopsy has not only made significant contributions to the development of nephrology, but also has great significance to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of kidney disease in specific clinical work. These corrections are especially prominent in cases of nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure. In addition, renal biopsy is of high practical value in the diagnosis and treatment of renal impairment in renal transplantation. The facts show that the level of diagnostic and therapeutic combination of pathology and clinical aspects in the field of nephrology does far exceed the clinical level alone. However, when specifically analyzing the clinical significance of renal biopsy pathology, its limitations should also be understood. The kidney biopsy can only take a few glomeruli, and to infer the whole kidney lesion from a few glomeruli, it is necessary to ensure a certain number of glomeruli, (at least 5-10 in the literature), and the more glomeruli in the specimen, the more reliable it is, and vice versa, the worse it is, which is especially obvious in focal kidney lesions.