Contents of routine semen analysis General examination: appearance, volume, pH, liquefaction, viscosity, etc. Microscopic examination: sperm count, survival rate, sperm morphology, motility, etc. (1) General examination (1) Semen appearance: Normal condition: the freshly ejaculated semen is milky white, grayish white or slightly yellowish, and it will become transparent after being kept at room temperature for 5 to 10 minutes. If there is no sex for a long time or the time between two ejaculations is too long, the color of semen may be yellowish, which is normal. (2) Abnormalities: Clear: no semen or severe oligospermia; Reddish brown: hematospermia; Yellow: jaundice patients, taking vitamins; Yellowish, sticky: pus cells may be present. (3) semen volume: reference value: ≥ 1.5 ml. If the volume of ejaculate is still less than 2 ml after 5-7 days of abstinence, it is regarded as a reduction of semen; however, the volume of semen is not a lot of good, too much to beware of active inflammation of the adnexal glands. (4) acidity (pH): normal semen is weakly alkaline, 7.2-8.0, semen pH is too high or too low, sperm vitality decreased significantly, will affect pregnancy. () Viscosity: Viscosity and liquefaction: Normal fresh semen is viscous and jelly-like for a few seconds after discharge, and begins to liquefy after 30 minutes under the action of fibrinolytic enzymes in the semen. Liquefaction disorder is seen in the prostate secretion of protease to break down semen abnormalities, such as after prostatectomy, protease deficiency. (1) Sperm concentration: reference value: sperm concentration ≥15×106/ml; total sperm count ≥39×106/ejaculate; semen appearance will be transparent if sperm density is low. (2) Sperm viability: Usually refers to the proportion of spermatozoa that are motile within one hour after ejaculation. Under normal circumstances, the sperm viability should be above 58%. (3) Sperm morphology: Normal spermatozoa seen under a microscope have an ovoid head, flat sides, and a long, curved tail, much like a tadpole. Of course, not all sperm are normal in shape, the normal sperm morphology rate in male semen ≥ 4%, that is, the deformity rate of 96% or less, that is, the normal situation, if there are too many deformed sperm, it will affect the fertility. (4) Sperm motility: refers to the state of sperm motility, also refers to the quality of motile sperm. Reference value: PR≥32%; PR+NP≥40%. Precautions: 1. Before the semen test, you should abstain from sex for 3-7 days, smoking and alcohol, and avoid taking drugs that have an effect on spermatogenesis in order to get more accurate results. 2, a semen examination sometimes can not completely and correctly reflect the real condition of semen. Multiple examinations are required. 3. The best time to collect semen is in the morning, and wash your hands with warm water before collecting semen. 4, using the method of masturbation, all the semen will be collected in a clean container and sent to the laboratory for examination as soon as possible, not more than one hour at the latest.