Ovarian malignant tumor is one of the common tumors in female reproductive system, the incidence rate is second only to cervical cancer and uterine body cancer, accounting for the third place of gynecological malignant tumors. However, because ovarian tumors are deep in the pelvic cavity, the symptoms are not obvious at the beginning of the disease, so they are often neglected, therefore, most of the ovarian cancers are already in advanced stage when diagnosed, and only a few of them are detected at an early stage. The 5-year survival rate of ovarian cancer still hovers around 30%, and the mortality rate exceeds the sum of cervical cancer and uterine body cancer, accounting for the first place in gynecological tumors. Because ovarian cancer has no obvious special symptoms in early stage, some people call it the “silent killer”. In fact, there are some precursors of ovarian cancer, including: persistent abdominal distension, gastrointestinal discomfort, difficulty in eating or feeling full easily, frequent or urgent urination, abdominal or pelvic pain. If a woman suddenly experiences one or more of these symptoms every day for more than 2 weeks, she should consult her doctor as soon as possible to rule out the possibility of ovarian cancer. Nowadays, screening for ovarian cancer is still not very mature. However, regular checkups for high-risk groups, especially medical checkups at experienced specialized hospitals can help us detect the problem as early as possible. The high-risk groups of ovarian cancer mainly include menopausal women over 50 years old; unmarried or late married women, infertile or less fertile women and those who do not breastfeed; infertility patients who use ovulation-promoting drugs; women who like to eat high-fat, high-protein and high-calorie diet; women with family history of hereditary ovarian cancer and those with family history of breast cancer, etc. Women at high risk should preferably be examined every six months for early detection of ovarian lesions. For all solid ovarian masses found on examination, or cysts larger than 6 cm, immediate surgery should be performed to remove them; for premenstrual and postmenopausal women with ovarian cystic masses, they should be considered as tumors. For women of reproductive age with small adnexal cystic masses, those who do not shrink after 3 menstrual cycles of observation should be considered as tumors, and those who increase in size during observation should be operated at any time; for pelvic inflammatory masses, especially those suspected of pelvic tuberculosis or endometriotic masses that have failed to respond to treatment and cannot be ruled out as tumors should be surgically explored. Ovarian diseases are complex and variable, and many ovarian masses can only be determined as benign or malignant after pathological examination after surgery. Therefore, it is important not to take ovarian masses, whether cystic or solid, lightly so as not to delay the best treatment time for early ovarian cancer. For common ovarian lesions, such as ovarian cysts, they cannot be easily determined as benign lesions and must be seen in a specialized oncology hospital for further treatment after systematic examination to rule out the possibility of malignancy. Puncture should be avoided as much as possible during this period and ovarian tumors should be removed as completely as possible for rapid pathological examination. If malignancy is confirmed, standardized treatment is required. Most ovarian cancer patients can obtain satisfactory treatment results or even be cured after standardized treatment. Surgery combined with chemotherapy is the main means of treatment for ovarian cancer. Primary surgery is the foundation and key to the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. Surgery for ovarian cancer involves multiple organs in the abdominal cavity and is technically complex and difficult, while satisfactory surgical tumor reduction becomes the cornerstone of satisfactory outcome. The difficulty and risk involved in the second or third surgery of ovarian cancer are even higher. After surgery, the chemotherapy regimen and course of chemotherapy should be formulated according to different pathological types and different stages as well as individual differences, and should be adjusted at any time according to the situation detected during chemotherapy. For patients with advanced ovarian cancer who cannot be operated due to their own condition, they can be given a certain course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and then given a chance to have surgery. Oncology patients usually have immune system problems, and surgery and chemotherapy can also affect the immune system. Therefore, we have conducted research on ovarian cancer immunotherapy with the aim of restoring and enhancing immune function, which can improve and prolong the survival of patients. The diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer is a long-term systematic project that requires the joint efforts and struggle of doctors, patients and families to achieve the desired goal.