The indications for transcatheter aortic valve replacement are as follows: 1. Elderly patients with severe calcified aortic stenosis, cardiac ultrasound findings suggesting an aortic valve with a flow velocity greater than 4 m/s, a transvalvular pressure difference greater than 40 mmHg, and an aortic valve orifice area less than 0.8 c㎡; 2. Patients with symptoms such as chest tightness, chest pain, panic, and syncope who are unable to undergo conventional surgical open-heart surgery; 3, Patients with aortic valve closure insufficiency can undergo transapical aortic valve replacement.