The prognosis for ulcerative colitis is better in mild and prolonged remission. Those with complications such as infection, toxic megacolon, or recurrent episodes and the elderly tend to have a poor prognosis. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract of which the cause is not yet clear. It mainly involves the rectum and colon, and is characterized by a recurrent chronic course. Clinical manifestations are mainly diarrhea, mucopurulent blood stools and abdominal pain. Generally, the choice of drug treatment includes aminosalicylic acid preparations such as mesalazine, etc., but also the use of salicylazosulfapyridine, glucocorticoids such as prednisone, biologics such as adalimumab, etc., which need to be selected according to the disease condition and the degree of progression of the disease, and can generally achieve better results. Emergency surgery is needed if the patient suffers from hemorrhage, intestinal perforation, and toxic megacolon, which are not treated by internal medicine. In recent years, with the improvement of treatment, the mortality rate has been significantly reduced. The prognosis for people with infections or recurrent episodes is often poor. The disease has the potential to become cancerous, so it is important to be screened for cancer under the supervision of a doctor and to have regular follow-up examinations.