I. Brief history of development In 1918, Kenji Takagi of Japan first used cystoscopy to observe cadaveric knee joints, and arthroscopic surgery has finally become a mature orthopedic surgery branch after nearly 100 years of continuous exploration and development. During this period, Watanable of Japan and experts from North America and Europe have made outstanding contributions to the development and improvement of arthroscopic technology. Arthroscopy was invented at the beginning as a diagnostic tool, but now it has evolved into a mature surgical field. The joints involved are not only limited to the knee, but have been applied in various fields such as shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, ankle and foot, etc. In each joint field, many new types of surgeries have been extended, and arthroscopic surgery is a major advancement in the field of minimally invasive surgery in the field of orthopaedics, and is the direction of the development of arthroscopic surgery. China introduced this technology in the 1980s. In recent years, with the development of medical knowledge and the continuous improvement of medical devices, arthroscopic surgery has been accepted by more and more doctors and patients for its significant advantages, and some hospitals have specialized arthroscopists, and some hospitals have set up specialized arthroscopic treatment centers, and the therapeutic effect has been close to the international level. Second, the concept of arthroscopic surgery Arthroscopy is the crystallization of modern science and technology, which consists of lens, light source, monitor, mirror surgical instruments, planing system, etc. New technologies such as radiofrequency vaporization and laser have also been widely used in arthroscopic surgery in recent years. To perform arthroscopic surgery, all that is needed is to dilate the joint with water, and the surgeon makes two to three 4-6mm long incisions around the corresponding joints. The arthroscope is placed into the joint through one of the incisions. The arthroscope is connected to a monitor through a wire, so that the condition inside the joint can be displayed very clearly and the effect of the lesion on the joint can be observed dynamically, and the surgeon can make a clear diagnosis of the condition inside the joint, and at the same time, by placing the surgical instruments in the joint from the other incision, he or she can deal with the lesions inside the joint, such as removing swollen synovial membranes, removing Bone remnants affecting joint movement, suture torn meniscus, rebuild intra-articular ligaments and so on. The development of basic theories of minimally invasive surgery, i.e., minimally invasive anatomy, minimally invasive physiology, minimally invasive pathology, etc., provides the necessary biological basis for arthroscopic surgical treatment. New diagnostic technology of minimally invasive surgery, i.e., the wide application of advanced spiral CT, MRI, surface electromyography, isokinetic test and other high-tech diagnostic and evaluation equipment, enables the development of bony structure evaluation of previous joint injury to the comprehensive evaluation of bone, ligament, joint capsule, synovial bursa, cartilage, meniscus, glenoid labrum, and the state of joint muscle strength, which provides diagnostic basis for arthroscopic surgical treatment. Characteristics of arthroscopic surgery Arthroscopic surgery is a dynamic observation and highly targeted surgery without cutting the joints and keeping the original physiology and anatomy of the joints. The advantages of this kind of surgery are difficult to compare with open surgery. Smaller trauma, less bleeding, less pain, fewer complications, quicker recovery, earlier departure from bed, significantly shorter hospitalization time, and correspondingly reduced hospitalization costs. The small incision also eliminates the fear of scarring that many patients, especially female patients, may have after surgery, making it easier for them to accept surgical treatment. In addition, the short hospitalization time can solve the difficulties of many young and middle-aged patients who are busy at work and have no time for treatment, and they can even take advantage of the National Day and other long holidays to receive treatment and have a recovery holiday. Fifth, the indications of arthroscopic surgery Arthroscopic surgery has a very wide range of applications, such as synovial lesions, joint injuries (including meniscus injuries, joint ligament injuries, intra-articular fractures, cartilage injuries, etc.), various types of arthritis (septic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, etc.). Especially with the increase in the elderly population in China and the expansion of Medicare coverage, more and more patients with osteoarthritis of the knee are being treated. Osteoarthritis of the knee is a degenerative disease with a high incidence, and arthroscopy allows direct examination of the lesion and treatment. Arthroscopy removes pain-causing diseased tissues and inflammatory mediators from osteoarthritic joints, restores the flatness of the joint surfaces, improves the intra-articular environment, and blocks the vicious circle of arthritis, which is a sure cure for osteoarthritis of the knee. Early treatment slows down the degeneration of the joints and has a better efficacy, while in the late stage, the joints have been severely degraded, so the efficacy is poorer. Therefore, arthroscopic surgery is a good way to treat early and middle osteoarthritis. Operation points of surgery Arthroscopic operation and open surgery are not only different operation instruments, but also different operation strength and mode. Arthroscopic surgery is characterized by small incision and light injury. However, if the local anatomy of the joint and its surroundings is not clear and the arthroscopic operation is not standardized, it is not only easy to damage the extremely expensive surgical instruments, but also may lead to the damage of important neurovascular vessels, causing the blood supply obstacle and nerve dysfunction of the important structures of the joints and distal limbs, which is even more damaging than the damage caused by the incision surgery. The standardized training mode should be based on certain orthopedic operation skills, and then enter the base with arthroscopic training qualification for special skills training. The development of arthroscopic surgery is a concentrated manifestation of the modern minimally invasive concept. It goes without saying that its development prospects are very broad. The new technology and new viewpoint of minimally invasive arthroscopic surgical treatment, that is, the application of arthroscopy, laser, radiofrequency, navigation, fixation and anchoring technology as well as perioperative rehabilitation and other modern treatment means, can achieve the goal of minimizing the trauma of tissues, repairing the closest anatomical state, and restoring the most perfect joint function. In recent years, with the gradual recognition of arthroscopic surgery by the majority of patients, as well as our hospital’s attention to it, arthroscopic surgery has made great progress in our hospital, and now it is listed as a routine surgery in our department, with the number of surgeries increasing day by day, and the therapeutic effect is also unanimously satisfied by the majority of patients, which has brought the gospel to the majority of patients with joint diseases.