Minimally invasive interbody spine technology represents a new concept of minimally invasive spine surgery. It is performed by making an incision about 7 mm lateral to the lumbar region and placing a spinal endoscope through the intervertebral foramen into the spinal canal under local anesthesia or epidural anesthesia for disc removal and nerve root canal decompression. This minimally invasive spinal technique is currently the least invasive method of treating lumbar disc herniation and causes minimal damage to the stability of the spine. It can be performed under local anesthesia and requires only 2 hours of rest after surgery before the patient can go home. Moreover, since this procedure is performed under direct endoscopic vision, avoiding the blindness of various percutaneous puncture techniques, the operation is very safe and the efficacy is reliable. There are two commonly used foraminoscopic techniques: the YESS (Yeung Endoscopy Spine System) technique advocated by Dr. Anthony Yeung in the United States and the THESSYS (Thomas Hoogland Endoscopy Spine Systems) technique advocated by Dr. Thomas Hoogland, a German spine surgeon. Spine Systems), two techniques that are largely the same but slightly different. The foraminoscopic technique allows for the treatment of most lumbar disc herniations and is relatively more demanding, especially for herniated discs that are displaced up and down within the spinal canal. Because of the extremely minimally invasive nature of intervertebral foraminoscopy, the ability to operate under direct vision, the high safety level, the ability to perform under local anesthesia, and the rapid postoperative recovery of the patient, it is increasingly being performed because it is respected by more and more spine surgeons. Plasma ablation, radiofrequency ablation, ozone ablation, laser vaporization, and other minimally invasive operations are also performed under the foramoscope, and the direct vision operation under the foramoscope can avoid the blindness of these minimally invasive interventions and make their efficacy more precise. However, because of the steep learning curve of intervertebral foraminoscopy, patients are advised to receive treatment at regular hospitals.