Leukemia gingivitis is the initial sign of a patient with leukemia. Approximately 25% of affected children can exhibit gingival enlargement. Gingivitis is caused by a large infiltration and accumulation of leukocytes in the gingival tissue, and the inflammation is aggravated by the reduced systemic ability to fight infection. At this time, the gums are dark red and bleed easily. Because the blood of leukemia patients cannot clot properly, their gum bleeding often lasts for more than a few minutes.
Examination items: 1. Blood test: The white blood cell count is high above 100×109/L. Most of the blood films are neutrophilic rod-shaped nuclei and late juvenile granulocytes, and the rest are foliated nuclei, medium juvenile, early juvenile and a few primitive granulocytes. Eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes were also increased. In the early stage, hemoglobin and red blood cells were mildly decreased, platelets were normal or increased, and in the late stage, red blood cells and platelets were decreased.
Ph’s chromosome is considered to be a tumorigenic marker of pluripotent stem cells, but a small number of patients with slow granulocytes are negative for Ph’s chromosome. Ph’-positive and Ph’-negative, the former has better prognosis than the latter.
3, blood biochemical examination: serum vitamin B12 concentration and vitamin B12 binding power is significantly increased as one of the characteristics of the disease, the magnitude of the increase is proportional to the degree of leukocytosis.