Prevention of valve thickening: Mild or early heart valve disease can be closely observed or applied medication, while severe heart valve lesions require surgical treatment. According to the nature and severity of valve lesions, valvuloplasty or valve replacement surgery can be performed. With the continuous improvement of medical science and technology, the risk of both heart valve plasty and replacement surgeries is gradually decreasing, and the success rate is generally above 96%, except for some severely ill patients. Very few advanced patients, whose heart function is too poor for valvuloplasty or valve replacement, need to undergo heart transplantation or combined heart-lung transplantation. There is sufficient evidence both at home and abroad to show that surgical treatment is effective and beneficial, which can completely eliminate or alleviate patients’ discomfort, prevent complications such as acute heart failure, acute pulmonary edema, malignant arrhythmia, embolism, pulmonary hypertension, cirrhosis, and sudden death, thus increasing mobility, improving quality of life, and prolonging life expectancy. (1) Pharmacological treatment of heart valve disease: mainly the application of cardiotonic and diuretic drugs, commonly used cardiotonic drugs are digoxin, cediran; diuretic drugs are such as dihydroketorolac, tachypnoea, amphotericin, amphotericin, amphotericin. Some patients need to apply vasodilator drugs to prevent and control pulmonary arterial hypertension, and those with rapid heart rate can use drugs to reduce the heart rate appropriately. Drug therapy should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor. (2) Surgical treatment of heart valve disease: At present, the main modes of surgical treatment of heart valve disease include transcatheter balloon dilatation, direct vision angioplasty and prosthetic valve replacement. Transcatheter balloon dilatation is under local anesthesia, not open chest, through a few millimeters thick heart catheter balloon into the heart to expand the adhesion of narrow heart valves, trauma is small, fast recovery, but only for a small number of stenotic valves, but the valve quality is still relatively good, and there is no cardiac thrombus of the patients; direct vision heart valve plasty and prosthetic valve replacement is under general anesthesia and artificial heart-lung machine with the help of cutting open the heart. Valvuloplasty is to preserve the patient’s own valve and restore its function by reshaping the valve through incision, suture, repair and other techniques; valve replacement is to remove the patient’s own diseased valve and replace it with a prosthetic valve.