Recurrent polychondritis is a relatively rare inflammatory and destructive disease characterized by recurrent degenerative inflammation of cartilaginous tissues, which manifests itself in the form of connective tissue involvement of organs such as the ear, nose, larynx, trachea, eyes, joints, heart valves, and blood vessels. The etiology of the disease is still unknown and may be related to trauma, infection, allergy, alcoholism, and so on. However, through years of research on clinical features, laboratory tests and pathology, more and more information suggests that it is an immune-mediated disease, including humoral and cellular immunity. It is found that the incidence of male and female is 1:3, most of the onset of the age of 20 to 60 years old, and 40 to 50 years old as the peak of the incidence of the disease. The disease often begins with acute inflammation, improves over weeks to months, and then becomes chronic and recurrent. In the late stage, due to the destruction of the supporting cartilaginous tissues, floppy ears, saddle nose and olfactory, visual, auditory and vestibular dysfunction occur. The wall of the upper part of the main trachea is thickened, the wall of the bilateral bronchial tubes is thickened, the lumen is narrowed, and the lumen is narrowed. Tracheoscopic presentation: cartilaginous rings were poorly visualized and the patient’s ears showed luminal narrowing. Literature reported that 93.7% of patients involved 2~5 sites, including joints, ears, respiratory system, eyes, nose, skin, blood system, kidneys, etc. 33.3% of patients with respiratory symptoms as the first symptom, and 60.4% of patients with respiratory system involvement. The condition of patients with respiratory system involvement is more serious, 60.4% of the patients involve the trachea, bronchus and larynx, resulting in chest tightness, shortness of breath, and even severe respiratory difficulties. Therefore, early diagnosis and clarification of the lesion site are crucial. If early diagnosis and timely treatment can be made, it is possible to prolong the survival period of patients and achieve better therapeutic effects. The choice of treatment is mainly related to the severity of symptoms and the range of organs involved, but there is no uniform treatment plan. For patients with mild disease, aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and ampicillin may be used; 2. Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants should be chosen for patients with moderate-to-severe disease; 3. For patients with severe epiglottis or subepiglottic obstruction leading to severe dyspnea, tracheostomy should be performed immediately and supplemented with appropriate ventilation to gain access to further medication; 4. For patients with severe stenosis of trachea or cartilage collapse causing severe dyspnea, airway stenting is an active option. If necessary, tracheotomy should be performed, or ventilation should be assisted by artificial ventilator. At the same time, anti-infection treatment should be strengthened.