Bilobar thyroid nodules are associated with compensatory hyperplasia of the thyroid follicles and are a manifestation of thyroxine deficiency in the body, mainly in middle-aged and elderly women, but can also occur during adolescence or secondary to an imbalance in thyroxine metabolism during pregnancy. In addition, there are also geographical variations in the occurrence of thyroid nodules due to a lack of iodine in the diet, which can lead to the formation of thyroid nodules, which may appear as a swelling in the front of the neck and may be mildly painful or uncomfortable to swallow. Some patients are asymptomatic and are found during a clinical examination and can be temporarily observed and followed up. Multiple nodules tend to compress the airway, manifesting as a sensation of gas pressure, or even chest tightness and palpitations after activity. Nodules can develop secondary to hyperthyroidism, in which case surgery is a timely option.