In the past 30 years, the mortality rate of lung cancer has increased by 465%, and the incidence rate has increased by 26.9% per year, which has replaced liver cancer as the first cause of death from malignant tumors in China. Tumors related to ecological environment and lifestyle such as lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and bladder cancer show a continuous increase in mortality, especially lung cancer has the largest increase.
According to the information provided by the National Cancer Control Office of the Ministry of Health, the number of lung cancer patients in China is estimated to have increased by 120,000 between 2000 and 2005, with the number of male lung cancer patients increasing from 260,000 in 2000 to 330,000 in 2005 and the number of female lung cancer patients increasing from 120,000 to 170,000 in the same period.
Who is the real culprit of lung cancer?
Why is the number of lung cancer patients in China rising so fast? Smoking and air pollution are the main “culprits” of lung cancer. There are thousands of chemicals and hundreds of harmful substances in tobacco, and there are 69 known substances related to lung cancer or cancer. The longer the exposure to tobacco, the greater the exposure, the higher the chances of getting sick. The smoking index for lung cancer is: the number of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years of smoking, if it is greater than 400, you are at high risk of lung cancer.
Air pollution is divided into two types.
Outdoor air pollution: such as automobile exhaust, wind and sand, residual particles of chemical and petroleum coal, etc.
Indoor air pollution: such as second-hand smoke, third-hand smoke, kitchen fumes and interior decoration materials, etc., are also important factors for PM2.5 overload.
In recent years in China the rise of lung cancer among non-smoking women is obvious, there are more reasons besides second-hand smoke, third-hand smoke, kitchen pollution and house decoration material pollution, including atmospheric pollution, environmental factors, psychological factors, etc. This is also a new topic in the field of lung cancer research now.
Don’t smoke is the way to go now!
Under the superimposed influence of air pollution and other factors, the incidence of lung cancer is increasing, of which lung cancer patients in many cities, including Nanjing, have become the number one cancer killer. According to research, patients with squamous and small cell lung cancer directly related to smoking account for 30-40% of the population, and 90% of these lung cancer patients are heavy smokers, and the age of smoking is generally greater than 20 pack years, that is, one pack of smoking per day for 20 years. Therefore, when everyone is concerned about haze pollution, don’t forget smoking as the main culprit of lung cancer.
Lung cancer is so fierce to do a good three-tier prevention
A “three-tier prevention” program is recommended for different groups of people.
Primary prevention, i.e. etiological prevention, is aimed at healthy people and mainly includes
1. Do not smoke and stay away from second-hand smoke.
2, eat more grains, vegetables, fruits and potatoes.
3, try to avoid outdoor pollution of the air and kitchen fumes.
4, the use of environmentally friendly decoration materials; 5 maintain an optimistic attitude towards life.
Secondary prevention, i.e. early diagnosis and treatment, targets high-risk groups. The high-risk groups of lung cancer include
1.History of smoking and smoking index greater than 400 cigarettes/year.
2.History of high-risk occupational exposure (e.g. exposure to asbestos).
3. family history of lung cancer.
4.Age 45 years or older.
Lung cancer can be detected early through screening. Some countries target smokers above the age of 45, some countries target smokers above the age of 50, and some countries target smokers above the age of 55, which are selected according to the incidence of lung cancer and high-risk groups in different countries. If you live in a region with high incidence of lung cancer, belong to a high-risk group for lung cancer, and have a family history of tumors and occupational cancer risk factors, you should attend a health checkup once a year and have a low-dose spiral CT examination of the chest during the checkup, even if you do not enter the screening program of the national or local government.”
Tertiary prevention, i.e. rehabilitative prevention, for lung cancer patients, must follow medical advice to review in hospital, take various means to prevent deterioration, recurrence and metastasis, prolong patients’ survival and improve their quality of life, and promote recovery.